gastrointestinal system

Question 1

plicae circulares

Answer 1

permanent folding of the small intestines.

Question 2

villi

Answer 2

extensions of the mucosa

Question 3

microvilli

Answer 3

extensions of the epithelial cells

Question 4

three regions of the small intestines

Answer 4

duodenum, ileum and jejunum

Question 5

ileum and jejunum

Answer 5

these are for absorption and digestion

Question 6

duodenum

Answer 6

receives the enzymes, acidic chyme and bile

Question 7

four layers of the gut wall

Answer 7

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis layer and adventitia

Question 8

mucosa layer

Answer 8

has the stratified squamous epithelium, lamina propria, basement membrane and muscularis mucosae

Question 9

submucosa layer

Answer 9

has the blood vessels, glands, fibrous connective tissues and the submucosa plexus.

Question 10

muscularis layer

Answer 10

has the smooth muscle

Question 11

adventitia

Answer 11

has the fibrous connective tissues, and kind of wraps up all the other layers and protect them from the external environment that is not suitable for them.

Question 12

layers of the muscularis

Answer 12

circular and longitudinal

Question 13

stratified squamous epithelium (found in mouth/oral cavity and the anal/anal canal)

Answer 13

for protection from abrasion when food is travelling down

Question 14

simple columnar (found in small/large intestines)

Answer 14

for absorption and secretion

Question 15

roles of the GI system include

Answer 15

motility, absorption, digestion and secretion

Question 16

motility

Answer 16

allowing the transportation of food from the mouth down through the esophagus to the stomach

Question 17

absorption

Answer 17

getting the nutrients, water and other substances inside the stomach

Question 18

secretion

Answer 18

synthesis of mucus and enzymes that will be able to be mixed with the food and break it down

Question 19

digestion

Answer 19

breaking down the food mechanically and chemically, breaking down food (mechanically) and breaking down the chemical bonds in the food (chemically) digestion.

Question 20

sphincters

Answer 20

doorlike organs that separate the tubes in the GI system, that shuts on and off depending on their function

Question 21

unicellular glands

Answer 21

when the goblet cells are sitting on the top and they only have one nucleus at the basement membrane

Question 22

multicellular glands

Answer 22

when the goblet cells have more than one nucleus and they are for extra surface area, and has either simple (with one duct) or compound (with multiple ducts)

Question 23

myenteric plexus

Answer 23

located in-between the circular and longitudinal layers and regulates the motility

Question 24

3 salivary glands connected to the oral cavity

Answer 24

parotid, sublingual and submandibular

Question 25

parotid

Answer 25

found beside the ear and secretes the serous fluid that has amylase that breaks down the carbohydrates.

Question 26

sublingual

Answer 26

found underneath the tongue, and it secretes mucus

Question 27

submandibular

Answer 27

found underneath the mandible bone and it secretes both the mucus and the serous fluid that has amylase.

Question 28

acinus

Answer 28

cells in clusters

Question 29

acinar

Answer 29

cells that are found in the submandibular salivary gland because they secrete the mucus and the serous fluid

Question 30

ducts

Answer 30

secretes the bicarbonate

Question 31

mucus

Answer 31

this is secreted for lubrication and protection

Question 32

peritoneum

Answer 32

a serous membrane that lines the abdomen

Question 33

2 layers of the peritoneum

Answer 33

parietal and visceral layers

Question 34

doubles layers of visceral peritoneum

Answer 34

mesentery and omenta

Question 35

mesentery

Answer 35

connects the organ to the body wall

Question 36

omenta (lesser and greater)

Answer 36

connects one organ to another

Question 37

four parts of the stomach

Answer 37

fundus, body, pylorus and cardia

Question 38

rugae

Answer 38

these are temporary folds that makes the stomach expand when needed.