Respiratory System

Question 1

Epistaxis:-what is the most common site of bleeding are? Why ?

Answer 1

Kisselbach plexus.here ICA + ECA MEETS.ICA HAS anterior and posterior ethmoidal artery.ECA HAS sphenopalatine ,internal maxillary artery.it is anterior and thin mucosa so exposes to dry air and trauma.

Question 2

Epistaxis:-what is the most common site of bleeding are? Why ?

Answer 2

Kisselbach plexus.here ICA + ECA MEETS.ICA HAS anterior and posterior ethmoidal artery.ECA HAS sphenopalatine ,internal maxillary artery.it is anterior and thin mucosa so exposes to dry air and trauma.

Question 3

Kisselbach plexus has anastomosis between what vessels?

Answer 3

Kisselbach plexus.here ICA + ECA MEETS.ICA HAS anterior and posterior ethmoidal artery.ECA HAS sphenopalatine ,internal maxillary artery.it is anterior and thin mucosa so exposes to dry air and trauma.

Question 4

Common causes of secondary epistaxis?

Answer 4

Epistaxis digitorum(digital trauma)
Foreign body
Chronic sinusitis
Allergic rhinitis
Nasal steroid sprays
Hereditary hemorrhagic telengectasia
Intranasal polyps/neoplasms
Thrombocytopenia,platelet dysfunction,von willebrand disease
Hypertension
Renal failure

Question 5

Child has nasal/oral telengectasia and family history of recurrent nose bleeds then next step

Answer 5

Do screening for hereditary hemorrhagic telengectasia HHT

Question 6

Mechanism behind nose bleed in following causes?
Epistaxis digitorum(digital trauma)
Foreign body
Chronic sinusitis
Allergic rhinitis
Nasal steroid sprays
Hereditary hemorrhagic telengectasia
Intranasal polyps/neoplasms
Thrombocytopenia,platelet dysfunction,von willebrand disease
Hypertension
Renal failure

Answer 6

Dry air and inflammation

Epistaxis digitorum(digital trauma)
Foreign body-dry air
Chronic sinusitis-inflammation
Allergic rhinitis-inflammation
Nasal steroid sprays-dry air ,crust
Hereditary hemorrhagic telengectasia
Intranasal polyps/neoplasms-dry air
Thrombocytopenia,platelet dysfunction,von willebrand disease
Hypertension
Renal failure

Question 7

Management for epistaxis?

Answer 7

1st lower third of nose compressed for 5mins,cold compress,upright position,forward tilting____> still bleeding present ——>local application of oxymetaxoline