Respiratory System

Question 1

Function of the respiratory system

Answer 1

Respiratory System  The main function of the respiratory system is to ensure that oxygen is brought into the body and made available to each cell that needs it, and that carbon dioxide can leave each cell and be removed from the body.

Question 2

Job of the respiratory system

Answer 2

The human respiratory system’s job is to supply fuel
(oxygen) to the cells and to remove waste (carbon dioxide) from the cells.

All cells require oxygen to survive, and all cells produce carbon dioxide as waste.

Question 3

The Nasal Cavity

Answer 3

The air first enters the nostrils

 Air is conducted into the hollow nasal cavity

 The nasal cavity is lined with mucus , which help moisten air and traps particles of dust, bacteria, and other foreign matter

A dense network of capillaries in the lining of the nasal cavity warm the air in the nasal passages to body temperature

Entry into respiratory system  Warms , moistens , and cleans the air.

Question 4

Epiglottis

Answer 4

Flap of tissue attached to the root of the tongue

 Helps to prevent food from entering the trachea

 Remains open during breathing

 Allows air entry into trachea

 Remains OPEN when breathing and remains CLOSED when swallowing Page 10 of 27

Question 5

Larynx

Answer 5

 Contains two folded structures, vocal cords – used for sound production

 In males, larynx is accentuated by large projection of cartilage “Adam’s apple”

 Voice box

 vocal cords enable you to speak

Question 6

Upper Respiratory Tract

Answer 6

 The nasal and other passages of the upper respiratory tract are lined with ciliated cells that secrete mucus

Question 7

Ciliated Cells

Answer 7

The mucus traps foreign particles such as dust and bacteria
 Cilia help these foreign materials to move back into the nose and throat where they can be expelled by coughing or sneezing

Question 8

Trachea

Answer 8

 Has rings of cartilage to keep airway OPEN

Question 9

Lungs

Answer 9

 Each lung is divided into lobes
 The right lung has three lobes
 The left lung has only two lobes
 A lobe is made up of a number of lobules, each with its own bronchiole. Right Lung Left Lung

Question 10

Lower Respiratory Tract

Answer 10

 Each lung is divided into lobes
 The right lung has three lobes
 The left lung has only two lobes
 A lobe is made up of a number of lobules, each with its own bronchiole

 The trachea branches into two smaller passageways called bronchi
 One bronchus enters each lung
 Each bronchus subdivides many times to produce bronchioles
 Like the trachea and nasal passages, the bronchi and bronchioles are also lined with ciliated cell

Question 11

Lower Respiratory Tract

Answer 11

 Each bronchiole ends in a grape-like cluster of tiny sacs called alveoli
 Site of gas exchange
 Oxygen from the air diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide from the blood diffuses into the lungs.

Question 12

Alveoli and capillaries

Answer 12

The site of gas exchange 🡪 oxygen & carbon dioxide:

Oxygen into red blood cell 🡪 enters bloodstream

Carbon dioxide enters alveoli 🡪 exhaled out

Question 12

Bronchus & Bronchioles

Answer 12

 Passageway for air from trachea into smaller tubes called bronchioles

 Smaller passageway to bring air into the alveoli Page 20 of 27

Question 13

Intercostal Muscles

Answer 13

• Muscles associated with the surface of the rib cage
• These muscles are found between the ribs

Question 14

Breathing – Inhalation

Answer 14

Intercostal muscles contract &
moves rib cage up & out

Diaphragm contracts & moves
down

Chest volume increases

Lung pressure decreases

Air rushes into the lungs to
equalize pressure

Question 15

Breathing – Exhalation

Answer 15

Intercostal muscles relax &
moves rib cage down & in

Diaphragm relax & moves
up

Chest volume decreases

Lung pressure increases

Air rushes out of the lungs to
equalize pressure