RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Flashcards
Define Respiration
the process by which energy is released from food (usually glucose) in the cell of living things.
Why is respiration important?
it provides the energy needed for organisms to preform all necessary functions to maintain life
What are the two types of respiration?
Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration
What is Anaerobic Respiration
the breakdown of food to produce energy in the absence of oxygen.
Why is anaerobic useful?
It is useful to man, to manufacture yougurt, bread, wine and biofuels.
What occurs when oxygen isn’t avaliable.
Glucose ( C6H12O6) can be broken down into Carbon Dioxide and Ethanol ( C2H5OH) ( in yeast or lactic acid in humans)
What are two examples of anaerobic respiration
Alcoholic fermentation and in lactic acid fermentation
,
What is alcoholic fermentation?
Glucose ( C6H12O6) can be broken down into Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and Ethanol ( C2H5OH) in the presence of yeast
What is the Word Equation for Anaerobic Respiration ( Alcoholic Respiration)
Glucose –> Ethanol + Carbon dioxide + Energy
What is the Chemical Equation for Anaerobic Respiration ( Alcoholic Respiration)
C6H12O6 —> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 + 210KJ
How is yeast added to the bread making process?
yeast is added to dough( which contains sugar), the yeast reacts with the sugar in the dough to produce ENERGY.
It produces carbon dioxide which causes dough to rise.
Ethanol which evaporates in the oven as a waste product.
How does alcohol fermentation assist in wine making
grapes are crushed, and the juice (containing sugar and yeast) is extracted. The yeast ferments the sugar, slowly turning it into alcohol
What is Lactic Acid Fermentation?
The muscle cells in the human body produces energy by using lactic acid and glucose in the absence of oxygen
How does humans use lactic acid?
Humans makes use of it during strenuous muscular activity when the cells are deprived of oxygen
How is Lactic Fermentation used in althletes?
When althletes are running they are unable to breathe fast enough to supply oxygen to the muscle cells , the muscle cells must produce energy in the absence of oxygen by making lactic acid.
What is lactic acid and why must humans get rid of it?
Lactic acid is a mild poison that causes the muscles to ache. The althlete gets rid of it by decreasing activity and allow the body to naturally get rid of it by deep breaths
What is the Word Equation for Lactic Acid Fermentation
Glucose –> Lactic Acid + Energy
What is the chemical Equation for Lactic Acid Fermentation
C6H12O6 –> 2C3H6O3 + 150KJ
What is Aerobic Respiration
is the breakdown of food to produce energy in the presence of oxygen
What does all food molecules contain
Carbon , Hydrogen, Oxygen
What is oxidation (biology term)
Glucose combines with oxygen (food is oxidised)
What occurs when glucose is oxidised
the bonds between the atoms are broken setting energy free.
What is the Word Equation for Aerobic respiration
Glucose + Oxygen –> Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy
What is the Chemical Equation for Aerobic respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H20 + 2880 KJ
What is Fermentation?
is an anaerobic process that occurs in bacteria, yeast, which allows for chemical breakdown of a substance (glucose) to release energy in the absence of oxygen.
Where does Respiration occur ?
In the Mitochondria
How is the mitochondria adapted to increase surface area?
The inner membrane of the mitochondria is called the cristae. It is folded to increase the surface area for chemical reactions to occur.
What is the area inside of the mitochondria called?
The area inside of the mitochondria called the matrix, is filled with water, proteins and enzymes. The enzymes are importance in the synthesis of ATP molecules.
Describe the process in which respiration occurs in the mitochondria
- Air enters the nasal cavity
- here it will be warmed, cleaned and moistened by the nasal membrane before it reaches the lungs.
How is mucus produced?
mucus is produced by the goblet cells.
Diaphragm
Intercostal muscles
Air pressure
Thorax volume
Rib cage sternum
