DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Question 1

What is digestion?

Answer 1

the process by which the body breaks down food into smaller molecules

Question 2

Where does digestion take place?

Answer 2

In the alimentary canal - a long tube that runs from the mouth to the anus.

Question 3

What is the alimentary canal made up of?

Answer 3

made up of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small & large intestine, rectum & anus.

Question 4

Where does digestion begin and end?

Answer 4

Digestion begins in the mouth
and ends in the small intestine

Question 5

What extra organs are also apart of the digestive system

Answer 5

• these organs secrete digestive juices to help break down food.
• salivary glands, liver, gall bladder and pancreas

Question 6

Mechanical/ Physical digestion

Answer 6

• Chewing by teeth to breakdown food into smaller pieces.
• Churning by the tongue and the stomach muscles to help break down food

Question 7

What is chemical digestion?

Answer 7

• the use of enzymes to break down food:
• Carbohydrates to simple sugars
• Fats to fatty acids and glycerol
• Proteins to amino acids

Question 8

Describe what happens when food enters the mouth

Answer 8

1. When food enters the mouth (ingested) it is chewed and mixed with saliva
2. saliva made by salivary glands moistens the food and makes it easy to swallow
3. salivary amalyze (an enzyme) that is found in saliva begins to change starch (carbohydrates) into maltose.

Question 9

What happens during the process of swallowing?

Answer 9

Tongue rolls food into a BOLUS which is easy to swallow, and pushed to the back of the mouth into the esophagus

Question 10

What is in place to prevent a person from chocking?

Answer 10

food is prevented from going the wrong path by a flap of tissue in the throat called the epiglottis.
The epiglottis covers the opening of the wind pipe.

Question 11

What is the function of the esophagous?

Answer 11

• a tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.
• Its function is to contract and relax to move the bolus from the mouth into the stomach

Question 12

Define peristalsis?

Answer 12

a series of wave-like muscle contractions that move food along the digestive tract.

Question 13

Which gastric juices does the stomach contain?

Answer 13

1. hydrochloric acid- a very strong acid that kills germs and allows the enzymes to work
2. Pepsin- digests protein by breaking it down into polypeptides.

3. Renin - found in the babies and helps break down mik proteins.

Question 14

What does the muscular wall of the stomach do?

Answer 14

The musclar walls grind and mix food with gastric juice producing a semi fluid mass of undigested food ** chyme .**

Question 15

End Product of Bile salts

Answer 15

Emulsifies fats, split up liquid fats into fat droplets that can be easily digested.

Question 16

End Product of Lipase

Answer 16

fat into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 17

End Product of Trypsin

Answer 17

polypeptides into amino acid

Question 18

End Product of Amylase

Answer 18

Starch or carbohydrates into maltose

Question 19

End Product of Maltase

Answer 19

Maltose into glucose

Question 20

End Product of Sucrase

Answer 20

Sucrose into glucose and frutose

Question 21

End Product of Lactase

Answer 21

Lactose into glucose and galactose

Question 22

Define Absorption?

Answer 22

• is the movement of nutrients through the wall of the small intestine into the bloodstream

Question 23

What is the villi (singular villus)

Answer 23

they are tiny finger-like projections of tissue in the small intestine that increases the surface area for absorption.

This means that more nutrienrts are being absorbedand released into the blood to be used by cells

Question 24

What is assimilation?

Answer 24

is the movment of digested food molecules into cells in the body where they are used

Question 25

Where is fat absorbed

Answer 25

In the lacteal of the villi

Question 26

What passes through the villus into the capillaries and is carried away in the blood stream to the hepatic portal vein which takes it to the liver

Answer 26

Glucose, amino acids, vitamins and minerals.

Question 27

What happens when undigested food enters the large intestine

Answer 27

when undigested food enters the large intestine it becomes waste (fibre, dead cells,bacteria and water).

in the large intestine all nutrients are removed through the process of absorption

Question 28

Where are feces stored?

Answer 28

In the rectum, and will pass ot the body through the anus

Question 29

Define egestion

Answer 29

the process of passing undigested food or faeces through the anus

Question 30

What does the salivary gland secrete

Answer 30

the salivary glands are found in the mouth which produce saliva to lubricate the mouth and moisten food and aid in swallowing.

• saliva contains an enzyme called salivary amalyse which breaks down starch into maltose.

Question 31

What does the pancreas secrete?

Answer 31

it produces pancreatic juice which contains enzymes that it placed into the small intestine and helps break down food after it leaves the stomach

Question 32

Where is bile stored?

Answer 32

Bile is stored in an organ called the gall bladder

Question 33

What is the largest internal organ

Answer 33

The liver ( dark red or brown in color )

Question 34

What are the functions of the liver?

Answer 34

• produces bile (green-yellow lquid)- that breaks down fat
• Produces blood protein that helps with clotting.
• produces urea ( toxic substance made when ptotein is broken down)
• Breaks down harmful substances like alcohol
• stores excess glucose as glycogen
• stores Vitamins A,B,D and mineral iron