LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

Question 1

What is lymph and what does it contain?

Answer 1

Lymph is the excess liquid that flows through vessels for fighting infections and not resorbed by the capillaries

It contains: Lymphocytes, damaged cells, cancer cells, nutrients, proteins and more

Question 2

How is lymph formed

Answer 2

Lymph is formed when an increased pressure forces tissue fluid into lymphatic capillaries andthe excess liquid that is not absorbed by the capillaries becomes lymph

Question 3

What is the function of lymph

2 functions

Answer 3

• returning small proteins back to the blood stream.
• transporting foreign particles to the lymph nodes.

Question 4

What is lymph movement influenced by?

Answer 4

It is influenced by muscle and breathing movement

Question 5

What is tissue fluid

Answer 5

is a liquid which is formed by the blood and squeezes out of capillaries to bathe the cells of the body.

Question 6

How is tissue fluid formed

Answer 6

• As blood flows through slowly narrowing vessels to the capillaries hydrostatic pressure forms.
• The pressure foces tissue fluid out the blood plasma into the surrounding tissue.
• The hydrostatic pressure is only enough to force small moleculed out
  ( cells and proteins remain the blood)

This filtration under pressure is called ultra filtration

Question 7

What is the function of tissue fluid (interstital fluid)

Answer 7

-allows material to be exchanged between the blood and cells
- moistens and stabilizes the cells.

Question 8

What are lymph nodes?

Answer 8

glands that monitor, cleanse and filter lymph as it passes through them, it is the sight for fighting infection and may become swollen or tender

( damaged cells and cancer cells are filtered from lymph)

Question 9

What do lymph nodes produce?

Answer 9

They produce and store lymphocytes and destroy bacteria and other harmful substances in the fluid

Question 10

What is the function of lymph nodes

Answer 10

1. Formation of lymphocytes
2. Filtration of lymph to remove unwanted matter from it ( bacteria , malignant cells)
3. Produce antibodies
4. Trapping antigens by phagocytes

Question 11

What are Lymphatic vessels?

Answer 11

they are a network of capillaries and a large network of tubes around the body that transport lymph away from tissues

lymphatic vessels collect and filter lymph at the nodes

Question 12

What is spleen

Answer 12

• an organ that stores excess blood in case of an emergency

Question 13

Properties of the capillary network to allow efficient exchange between the blood stream and cells

Answer 13

1. large surface area of the capillary network
2. Being one cell thick

Question 14

What is the relationship between the circulatory and lymphatic system?

Answer 14

• Work together to transport substances throughout the body
• portions of the blood (WBC & Plasma ) create lymph
• lymph removes waste from the blood cells away from the body

Question 15

What happens when bacteria enter the bloodstream and not caught by WBC

Answer 15

If bacteria enters a wound and isn’t ingested by wbc of the blood or lymph, they will be carried in the lymph to a node where the wbc can ingest them.

Question 16

differences between tissue fluids and the blood

Answer 16

There is a high protein present in the blood plasma. The role of blood plasma is to carry oxygen to the needy tissues.

The role of tissue fluid is to allow the exchange of gas to take place. There is a low protein present in the tissue fluid.
Allows nutrients to be exchanged between the blood and cells
- moistens and stabilizes the cells.

Question 17

Collecting duct

where is lymph emptied

Answer 17

lymphatic vessels empty lymph into the right and left lymphatic duct (also called thoracic duct). these ducts work under low pressure and contains valves ensuring fluid moves in one direction

Question 18

Collecting duct

Answer 18

These ducts ( thoracic duct) connnect to the subclavin vein ( Found below the collar bone) which returns lymph to your blood stream.
- When lymph is returned to the bloodstream, this helps maintain normal blood volume and pressure. Also prevents the formation of an edema ( swelling caused by the accumulation of fluid around tissues in a part of the body).

Question 19

what is an edema?

Answer 19

swelling caused by the accumulation of fluid around tissues in a part of the body.