Respiratory System

Question 1

What is the main function of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

Supply oxygen to all the parts of the body so that cellular respiration can take place in the cells.

Question 2

What is breathing?

Answer 2

The physical action of inhaling and exhaling air

Question 3

What is cellular respiration?

Answer 3

The chemical reaction in which oxygen and glucose react to produce carbon dioxide, water and energy.

Question 4

Name the organs and structures of the respiratory system.

Answer 4

Organs - Metabolic Poison Leaves The Body By Airways
1. Mouth/Nose
2. Pharynx
3. Larynx
4. Trachea
5. Bronchi
6. Bronchioles
7. Alveoli
Structures - Lung Poisoning Results In Death
1. Lungs
2. Pleural Membrane
3. Ribs
4. Intercostal Muscles
5. Diaphragm

Question 5

What adaptations do the nose and mouth have? (2 things)

Answer 5

1. Nasal cavity moistens and humidifies the air before entering the lungs.
2. Nose hairs filter and clean air.

Question 6

What is the job of the pharynx? (2 things)

Answer 6

1. It carries air, food and fluids down from the nose and mouth and connects them to the breathing passages (trachea and lungs) and the oesophagus (eating passage).
2. The epiglottis covers the entrance of the larynx when a person swallows.

Question 7

What is the job of the larynx?

Answer 7

To produce sound.

Question 8

What is the job of the trachea? (2 things)

Answer 8

1. Carries air in and out of the lungs.
2. Contains cilia to filter the air.

Question 9

What is the job of the bronchi?

Answer 9

Connects the trachea to the bronchioles to allow the air to flow through

Question 10

What is the job of the bronchioles?

Answer 10

Carry air from bronchi to alveoli.

Question 11

What is the job of the alveoli, and what are its adaptations (3 things)?

Answer 11

Gas exchange.
1. A very thin wall for diffusion of gases.
2. A large surface area.
3. A large supply of blood vessels.

Question 12

What are the adaptations of the lungs that help with diffusion?

Answer 12

To have as many alveoli in close contact to as many capillaries as possible to increase surface area for diffusion.

Question 13

What is the jobs of ribs?

Answer 13

1. To be an attachment for the intercostal muscles to aid breathing.
2. To act as a protective shield.

Question 14

What is the jobs of intercostal muscles?

Answer 14

1. Muscles contract while the lungs are expanding during inhalation.
2. Muscles relax to drive air out of lungs during exhalation.

Question 15

What is the job of the diaphragm?

Answer 15

Aids in the physical act of breathing. By contracting and relaxing it pushes the lungs up and pulls them down.

Question 16

What is ‘gas exchange’?

Answer 16

The act of swapping carbon dioxide and oxygen in the alveoli. Oxygen moves into the blood and carbon dioxide moves into the lungs to be exhaled.