Musco-Skeletal System

Question 1

What is the function of the musco-skeletal system (4 things)?

Answer 1

1. It provides a framework for the muscles.
2. It also provides a site for cell production - the marrow.
3. It allows movement, eg. walking, breathing.
4. Muscles provide support and padding for internal organs.

Question 2

What are the main components of the skeletal system (3 things)?

Answer 2

1. Bones
2. Joints
3. Cartilage

Question 3

What are the main components of the muscular system (3 things)?

Answer 3

1. Skeletal muscle
2. Smooth muscle
3. Cardiac muscle

Question 4

What are bones made up of?

Answer 4

Living tissue that can repair itself. The outside is made up of hard, compact bone. Inside is
spongy, cancellous bone. This spongy bone is filled with bone marrow – the site of blood cell production.

Question 5

What are the 3 types of movable joints?

Answer 5

1. Hinge joints (e.g. the elbow or knee) which move in one direction.
2. Ball-and-socket joints (e.g. shoulder or hip) which allow movements in any direction.
3. Pivot joints (e.g. vertebrae) which fit one rounded bone into another to allow for rotating movement.

Question 6

What are synovial joints and what is the function of synovial fluid?

Answer 6

Are freely movable joints.
Synovial joints have synovial fluid in the joint cavity that lubricates or ‘oils’ the joint. The fluid allows for smooth movement.

Question 7

What is the job of cartilage?

Answer 7

1. In synovial joints, the ends of the bones are covered with cartilage, which cushions the joint.
2. The cartilage prevents friction and wear and tear between the bone ends.
3. Cartilage is a soft, spongy connective tissue.

Question 8

What is the job of ligaments?

Answer 8

They join bone to bone.

Question 9

What is the job of tendons?

Answer 9

The attach muscles to bones.

Question 10

What happens to a muscle when it contracts?

Answer 10

It shortens and the tendon then pulls the bone.

Question 11

What are antagonistic muscles and give an example?

Answer 11

Muscles that work in pairs to move long bones.
Example - quadriceps/hamstrings and bicep/tricep.

Question 12

What is the muscle doing if it is the agonist?

Answer 12

When one muscle contracts it is the agonist, and the muscle relaxing is the antagonist.

Question 13

Give 2 examples of modern bio technology.

Answer 13

1. Organ transplants
2. Artificial joints eg. Hip replacements consist of a metal stem topped with a ceramic ball.