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Exercise Phys > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Structures of the respiratory system

A
  • Nose/nostrils
  • Nasal cavity
  • Pharynx
  • Larynx
  • Trachea
  • Bronchi
  • Bronchioles
  • Alveoli
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2
Q

Functions of the respiratory system

A
  • Conducts air into and out of the lungs
  • Exchanges gases between air and blood
  • Humidifies air
  • Warms air
  • Filters air
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3
Q

What are saclike structures surrounded by capillaries in the lungs?

A

Alveoli

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4
Q

Where does the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide take place?

A

Alveoli

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5
Q

What is the respiratory membrane?

A

Two cell membranes that aid in diffusion
- Membrane of alveolar cells
- Membrane of cells of capillary wall

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6
Q

Membrane covering the outer surface of the lungs

A

Visceral (pulmonary) Pleura

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7
Q

Membrane covering the inner surface of the thoracic cavity and diaphragm

A

Parietal Pleura

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8
Q

Lubricating fluid between the two pleural membranes

A

Pleural Fluid

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9
Q

Pressure in the pleural cavity between two membranes; less than atmospheric pressure

A

Intrapleural Pressure

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10
Q

The lungs are connected by a thin film of fluid called what?

A

Serous fluid

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11
Q

Pressure inside the lung decreases as lung volume increases during inspiration; pressure increases during expiration. What is this?

A

Intrapulmonary pressure

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12
Q

Pleural cavity pressure becomes more negative as chest wall expands during inspiration. Returns to initial value as chest wall recoils. What is this?

A

Intrapleural Pressure

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13
Q

During each breath, the pressure gradients move 0.5 L of air into and out of the lungs. What is this?

A

Volume of breath

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14
Q

When you have an increase in volume of the intrathoracic cavity what else happens?

A
  • Increase in lung volume
  • Decrease in intrapulmonic pressure
  • Causes air to rush into the lungs (inspiration)
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15
Q

When you have a decrease in volume of the intrathoracic cavity what else happens?

A
  • Decrease in lung volume
  • Increase in intrapulmonic pressure
  • Causes air to rush out of the lungs (expiration)
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16
Q

Most important inspiratory muscle

A

Diaphragm

17
Q

Muscles that elevate the ribs:

A
  • External intercostals
  • Scalenes
  • Sternocleidomastoid
  • Pectoralis Minor
18
Q

Muscles that pull the ribs downward:

A
  • Internal intercostals
  • Rectus abdominis
  • Internal oblique muscles of abdominal wall
19
Q

Airflow can be increased by what?

A
  • Amplifying pressure difference between 2 areas
  • Decreasing resistance to airflow
20
Q

What decreases the resistance to airflow in exercise?

A

Bronchodilation

21
Q

Amount of air moved per breath

A

Tidal volume (greater in trained athletes)

22
Q

Air remaining in passageways that is not involved in gas exchange

A

Anatomical Dead Space

23
Q

Changes in breathing during exercise

A
  • Increase in depth of breathing occurs first after onset of exercise
  • If increase in depth not sufficient, rate of breathing will increase
24
Q

Changes in tidal volume during exercise

A

Increases

25
Q

Changes in inspiratory reserve volume during exercise

A

Decreases

26
Q

Changes in expiratory reserve volume during exercise

A

Decreases

27
Q

Change in vital capacity during exercise

A

Slight increase

28
Q

Ratio used to assess the dynamic lung volume

A

FEV1-to-FVC Ratio (normal 75-85%)

29
Q

Factors promoting diffusion:

A
  • Large surface area of alveoli
  • Thinness of respiratory membrane
  • Pressure differences of oxygen and carbon dioxide between air in alveoli and blood
30
Q

Oxygen diffusion:

A

Partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) must be > in alveoli than in blood and > in blood than in tissue

31
Q

Carbon Dioxide diffusion:

A

Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) must be > in blood than in alveoli and > in tissue than in blood

32
Q

How much oxygen can be dissolved in plasma?

A

9-15 mL

33
Q

Oxygen bound to hemoglobin

A

Oxyhemoglobin

34
Q

3 methods of carbon dioxide transport

A
  • 7-10% is dissolved in plasma
  • 20% is bound to hemoglobin
  • 70% is transported as bicarbonate
35
Q

Gas exchange at the muscle

A

Occurs due to partial pressure differences between oxygen and carbon dioxide between tissue and blood

36
Q

What is myoglobin

A
  • Oxygen transport molecule similar to hemoglobin
  • Found in skeletal and cardiac muscle
  • Reversibly binds with oxygen
  • Assists in passive diffusion of oxygen from cell membrane to mitochondria
  • Functions as oxygen reserve at start of exercise
37
Q

Respiratory Control center

A
  • Portion of medulla oblongata and pons
  • Serves as pacemaker, generating a rhythmical breathing pattern
38
Q

Central Chemoreceptors

A
  • Located in medulla, separate from respiratory control center
  • Respond to changes within CSF, especially in H+ concentration or pH
39
Q

Peripheral Chemoreceptors

A
  • Located in carotid arteries and aortic arch
  • Respond to changes in blood PCO2 and H+ concentration

Exercise Phys (3 decks)

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