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Exercise Phys > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Pulmonary Circulation

A

Delivers blood from heart to lungs and back to heart

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2
Q

Peripheral Circulation

A

Delivers blood from heart to body and back to the heart

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3
Q

Large vessels that carry blood away from the heart

A

Arteries

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4
Q

Small, branch arteries

A

Arterioles

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5
Q

Smallest vessel; site of gas exchange and nutrient exchange

A

Capillaries

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6
Q

Vessels that carry blood toward the heart

A

Veins

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7
Q

Small veins that carry blood toward the heart

A

Venules

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8
Q

Blood returning to the heart

A

Venous Blood

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9
Q

Blood leaving heart and going to body or lungs

A

Arterial blood

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10
Q

What artery supplies blood to the heart

A

Coronary artery branches off the aorta

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11
Q

Where is blood pressure the highest

A

Highest in aorta and very high in arteries supplying the heart

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12
Q

Intercommunication between 2 arteries supplying heart

A

Anastomosis

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13
Q

Contraction phase; blood is pumped out of chamber

A

Systole

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14
Q

Relaxation phase; blood fills chamber

A

Diastole

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15
Q

Ability to initiate impulse for contraction at regular intervals

A

Autorhythmaticity

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16
Q

Pacemaker of cardiac contraction

A

Sinoatrial Node

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17
Q

Delays impulse by 1/10 of a second, allowing atria to contract before ventricles

A

Atrioventricular Node

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18
Q

Rapidly spreads impulse to contract throughout ventricles

A

Purkinje Fibers

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19
Q

Decrease heart rate

A

Parasympathetic Fibers

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20
Q

Increase heart rate

A

Sympathetic Fibers

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21
Q

Slow heart rate; often training induced

A

Bradycardia

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22
Q

Increase in heart rate

A

Tachycardia

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23
Q

Cardiac muscle has what that spreads the impulse to contract

A

Intercalated discs

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24
Q

What is it called when fibers contract simultneously

A

Syncytial Contraction

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25
Q

Cardiac muscle fiber characteristics

A
  • Have high mitochondrial density
  • Have extensive capillary network
  • Use aerobic energy for contraction
26
Q

What is the relationship between cardiac wall thickness and force

A

The thicker the wall of cardiac chamber, the greater the force

27
Q

What ventricle has greater wall thickness?

A

The left ventricle has the greatest wall thickness so it supplies the whole body

28
Q

Regular physical training and chronic hypertension result in:

A
  • Thickening of the left ventricle wall
  • Increase in left ventricular mass
29
Q

Amount of blood pumped per minute

A

Cardiac Output

30
Q

What is cardiac output determined by?

A

Heart rate and stroke volume

31
Q

Amount of blood pumped per contraction of ventricles

A

Stroke volume

32
Q

Typical cardiac output:

A

5 L/min -1 for men
4.5 L/min -1 for women

33
Q

A measure of the degree of the ventricular stretch when the heart is at the end of diastole

A

Preload (volume related)

34
Q

The amount of pressure that the heart needs to exert to eject the blood during ventricular contraction

A

Afterload (pressure related)

35
Q

Blood in ventricles at end of diastole

A

End-diastolic volume (EDV)

36
Q

Blood in ventricles at end of systole

A

End-systolic volume (ESV)

37
Q

Ratio of available blood to pumped blood

A

Ejection Fraction

38
Q

Endurance training effect on EDV, SV, and HR

A

Endurance training increases EDV, increases SV, and decreases HR

39
Q

Blood flows how?

A

Blood flows from area of high pressure to area of low pressure
- Rate of flow is proportional to pressure difference between 2 ends of vessels or between 2 chambers
- decreasing resistance increases flow
Increasing radius of vessel increases flow

40
Q

What is also known as a resistance vessel?

A

Arteriole

41
Q

The parasympathetic system causes?

A

Bronchoconstriction

42
Q

The sympathetic system causes

A

Bronchodilation

43
Q

How do you determine pulse pressure?

A

Systolic BP - diastolic BP
Normal PP = 40-60

44
Q

What is a normal mean arterial pressure?

A

Doctors consider anything between 70 and 100 mmHg as normal

45
Q

The pressure the blood exerts against the inner walls of the blood vessels

A

Blood pressure

46
Q

What happens to plasma during exercise?

A

May decrease in volume by as much as 10% during intense physical exercise

47
Q

Percentage of total blood volume composed of formed elements

A

Hematocrit

48
Q

What makes up 40-45% of blood?

A

Formed elements

49
Q

Functions of platelets:

A
  • Important for blood clotting
  • Contribute to heart attack, stroke, and plaque build up
50
Q

Protein and iron-containing pigment necessary for binding oxygen

A

Hemoglobin

51
Q

Acute effect of aerobic/weight training on plasma volume

A
  • Substantial reduction of plasma volume
52
Q

Net effect of aerobic/weight training on plasma volume

A

Increased number of RBCs per unit volume of blood and increased oxygen-carrying capacity

53
Q

Prolonged aerobic exercise effect on plasma volume

A

Plasma volume decreases by 10-20%

54
Q

Chronic effect of long-term aerobic training on plasma volume

A

Plasma volume increases by 12-20%

55
Q

Adaptations due to endurance training

A
  • Increased cardiac output during endurance activity
  • Increased oxygen delivery to skeletal muscle
  • Increased endurance performance
56
Q

Blood flow at rest:

A

15-20% of cardiac output goes to skeletal muscle

57
Q

Blood flow during maximal exercise:

A

80-85% goes to skeletal muscle

58
Q

Increase in radius of vessels

A

Vasodilation

59
Q

Decrease in radius of vessels

A

Vasoconstriction

60
Q

Venous return is aided by what?

A

Muscle pump

61
Q

Prolonged Bed rest effects

A
  • VO2 max decreases up to 25% with prolonged bed rest
  • Reduced blood plasma and formed elements (red cell mass)
  • Stroke volume
  • Oxidative capacity of skeletal muscles
  • Skeletal muscle atrophy
  • Muscular strength and endurance

Exercise Phys (3 decks)

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