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Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Pulmonary Circulation

A

Delivers blood from heart to lungs and back to heart

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2
Q

Peripheral Circulation

A

Delivers blood from heart to body and back to the heart

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3
Q

Large vessels that carry blood away from the heart

A

Arteries

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4
Q

Small, branch arteries

A

Arterioles

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5
Q

Smallest vessel; site of gas exchange and nutrient exchange

A

Capillaries

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6
Q

Vessels that carry blood toward the heart

A

Veins

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7
Q

Small veins that carry blood toward the heart

A

Venules

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8
Q

Blood returning to the heart

A

Venous Blood

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9
Q

Blood leaving heart and going to body or lungs

A

Arterial blood

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10
Q

What artery supplies blood to the heart

A

Coronary artery branches off the aorta

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11
Q

Where is blood pressure the highest

A

Highest in aorta and very high in arteries supplying the heart

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12
Q

Intercommunication between 2 arteries supplying heart

A

Anastomosis

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13
Q

Contraction phase; blood is pumped out of chamber

A

Systole

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14
Q

Relaxation phase; blood fills chamber

A

Diastole

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15
Q

Ability to initiate impulse for contraction at regular intervals

A

Autorhythmaticity

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16
Q

Pacemaker of cardiac contraction

A

Sinoatrial Node

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17
Q

Delays impulse by 1/10 of a second, allowing atria to contract before ventricles

A

Atrioventricular Node

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18
Q

Rapidly spreads impulse to contract throughout ventricles

A

Purkinje Fibers

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19
Q

Decrease heart rate

A

Parasympathetic Fibers

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20
Q

Increase heart rate

A

Sympathetic Fibers

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21
Q

Slow heart rate; often training induced

A

Bradycardia

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22
Q

Increase in heart rate

A

Tachycardia

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23
Q

Cardiac muscle has what that spreads the impulse to contract

A

Intercalated discs

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24
Q

What is it called when fibers contract simultneously

A

Syncytial Contraction

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25
Cardiac muscle fiber characteristics
- Have high mitochondrial density - Have extensive capillary network - Use aerobic energy for contraction
26
What is the relationship between cardiac wall thickness and force
The thicker the wall of cardiac chamber, the greater the force
27
What ventricle has greater wall thickness?
The left ventricle has the greatest wall thickness so it supplies the whole body
28
Regular physical training and chronic hypertension result in:
- Thickening of the left ventricle wall - Increase in left ventricular mass
29
Amount of blood pumped per minute
Cardiac Output
30
What is cardiac output determined by?
Heart rate and stroke volume
31
Amount of blood pumped per contraction of ventricles
Stroke volume
32
Typical cardiac output:
5 L/min -1 for men 4.5 L/min -1 for women
33
A measure of the degree of the ventricular stretch when the heart is at the end of diastole
Preload (volume related)
34
The amount of pressure that the heart needs to exert to eject the blood during ventricular contraction
Afterload (pressure related)
35
Blood in ventricles at end of diastole
End-diastolic volume (EDV)
36
Blood in ventricles at end of systole
End-systolic volume (ESV)
37
Ratio of available blood to pumped blood
Ejection Fraction
38
Endurance training effect on EDV, SV, and HR
Endurance training increases EDV, increases SV, and decreases HR
39
Blood flows how?
Blood flows from area of high pressure to area of low pressure - Rate of flow is proportional to pressure difference between 2 ends of vessels or between 2 chambers - decreasing resistance increases flow Increasing radius of vessel increases flow
40
What is also known as a resistance vessel?
Arteriole
41
The parasympathetic system causes?
Bronchoconstriction
42
The sympathetic system causes
Bronchodilation
43
How do you determine pulse pressure?
Systolic BP - diastolic BP Normal PP = 40-60
44
What is a normal mean arterial pressure?
Doctors consider anything between 70 and 100 mmHg as normal
45
The pressure the blood exerts against the inner walls of the blood vessels
Blood pressure
46
What happens to plasma during exercise?
May decrease in volume by as much as 10% during intense physical exercise
47
Percentage of total blood volume composed of formed elements
Hematocrit
48
What makes up 40-45% of blood?
Formed elements
49
Functions of platelets:
- Important for blood clotting - Contribute to heart attack, stroke, and plaque build up
50
Protein and iron-containing pigment necessary for binding oxygen
Hemoglobin
51
Acute effect of aerobic/weight training on plasma volume
- Substantial reduction of plasma volume
52
Net effect of aerobic/weight training on plasma volume
Increased number of RBCs per unit volume of blood and increased oxygen-carrying capacity
53
Prolonged aerobic exercise effect on plasma volume
Plasma volume decreases by 10-20%
54
Chronic effect of long-term aerobic training on plasma volume
Plasma volume increases by 12-20%
55
Adaptations due to endurance training
- Increased cardiac output during endurance activity - Increased oxygen delivery to skeletal muscle - Increased endurance performance
56
Blood flow at rest:
15-20% of cardiac output goes to skeletal muscle
57
Blood flow during maximal exercise:
80-85% goes to skeletal muscle
58
Increase in radius of vessels
Vasodilation
59
Decrease in radius of vessels
Vasoconstriction
60
Venous return is aided by what?
Muscle pump
61
Prolonged Bed rest effects
- VO2 max decreases up to 25% with prolonged bed rest - Reduced blood plasma and formed elements (red cell mass) - Stroke volume - Oxidative capacity of skeletal muscles - Skeletal muscle atrophy - Muscular strength and endurance

Exercise Phys (3 decks)

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