Mini Test 2

Question 1

Prevalence of cardiovascular disease

Answer 1

Declined from 50% in the 70’s to 36.3% in 2004

Question 2

Factors leading to decline in cardiovascular disease

Answer 2

Lifestyle changes like nutrition, stopping smoking, and exercise, as well as improved medical techniques and diagnosis, improved emergency care and treatment, and improved drugs

Question 3

Coronary Artery Disease

Answer 3

Blockage of arteries supplying cardiac tissue

Question 4

Ischemia

Answer 4

Insufficient blood to tissue due to partial blockage of the artery

Question 5

Myocardial Infarction

Answer 5

Severe or complete blockage, leading to cell death in the heart

Question 6

Atherosclerosis

Answer 6

Progressive narrowing of the artery due to plaque

Question 7

Arteriosclerosis

Answer 7

Thickening and loss of elasticity of arterial wall

Question 8

Stroke

Answer 8

Lack of blood supply to part of the brain, causing brain tissue death

Question 9

Ischemic Stroke

Answer 9

Blockage of vessel

Question 10

Hemorrhagic Stroke

Answer 10

Rupture of vessels

Question 11

Cerebral Hemorrhage

Answer 11

Cerebral artery

Question 12

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Answer 12

On the surface of the brain

Question 13

Predisposing factors for CAD and Stroke

Answer 13

Hypertension and atherosclerotic damage which can lead to weak spots

Question 14

Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors

Answer 14

Age, male gender, hereditary, tobacco use, blood lipid profile, hypertension, obesity/overweight, diabetes, physical inactivity, psychological stress, alcohol consumption, diet and nutrition

Question 15

Heart Failure

Answer 15

When the ventricles cannot contract, so cardiac output is insufficient

Question 16

Acute Heart Failure

Answer 16

Caused by heart attack resulting from toxic substances or dugs or coronary artery blockage

Question 17

Chronic Heart Failure

Answer 17

Caused by hypertension (increases heart workload, leads to pathologic hypertrophy), multiple minor heart attacks, viral infections

Question 18

Hypertension

Answer 18

High blood pressure at rest. This means that the heart has to work harder to pump the same amount of blood. This increases cardiac tissue’s oxygen demand and the strain on arteries and arterioles

Question 19

Factors associated with hypertension

Answer 19

Physical inactivity, overweight/obese, hereditary, male gender, increased age, sodium sensitivity, use of tobacco products, excessive alcohol consumption, psychological stress, diabetes, oral contraceptives, and pregnancy

Question 20

Controlled Factors for CAD

Answer 20

Smoking tobacco, blood lipid profile, hypertension, obesity/overweight, diabetes mellitus, physical inactivity, psychological stress, alcohol consumption, diet/nutrition

Question 21

Uncontrolled Factors of CAD

Answer 21

Age, male gender, and hereditary

Question 22

Total Cholesterol

Answer 22

<200 mg/dL

Question 23

LDL-C

Answer 23

<130 mg/dL

Question 24

HDL-C

Answer 24

Greater than or equal to 60 mg/dL

Question 25

Triglycerides

Answer 25

<150 mg/dL

Question 26

Minimal Duration Threshold

Answer 26

20-30 minutes per session Long-duration low intensity exercise Longer sessions of moderate intensity recommended for most

Question 27

Minimal threshold for frequency of training

Answer 27

3 days a week Most increases in peak O2 consumption occur with 3 days a week Increased frequency of up to 5 days a week increases aerobic capabilities