Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P 2 > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Blood carries oxygen from lungs to peripheral tissues. What about CO2?

A

Blood carries CO2 from peripheral tissues to lungs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the function of the alveoli?

A

increases surface area for gas exchange and circulating blood.

Need to move air to and from exchange surfaces of lungs.

Protect respiratory surfaces from dehydration, temperature changes, and pathogens.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Respiratory mucosa is made out of

A

pseudo stratified ciliated columnar and lamina propria (areolar tissue)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Functions of the respiratory defense mechanism include

A

filtration mechanisms

Gaps that help move mucus to the surface

mucus film - made by mucous (goblet cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What makes mucus useful?

A

helpful in trapping pathogens for alveolar macrophages to take care of.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

External/Internal Nares

A

Enter and Exit respectively

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Functions of the Upper Respiratory System:

A

Airway
Moisten/Warm air
Filter/Clean Air (mucus film traps pathogens)
Resonating chamber (sound)
Olfaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The functioning of the Pharynx involves

A

3 subdivisions

Oro and Lary subdivisions are stratified squamous epithelium and help with preventing pathogens from food coming into these cavities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What keeps the Trachea always open?

A

The C shaped nature of the cartilage. When the esophagus needs to expand, the cartilage allows for that.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Characteristics of the Epiglottis:

A
  • Elastic
  • Bend and deform
  • Swallowing: bends over trachea and larynx and will close of the pathway for things to move through these structures
  • Helps food down esophagus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sound production:

A

Air passing through glottis and vibrates vocal folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Voluntary muscles reposition arytenoid cartilages:

A

Control tension of vocal folds

altering pitch of sound

skeletal which change position to reduct pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The pitch of the sound depends on

A

length and tension of vocal folds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The volume of the sound depends on

A

the amount of air rushing through folds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Speech is produced by

A

Phonation (sound production at larynx) and Articulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The Oral Cavity helps to

A

moisten the air and trap pathogens unlike the nasal cavity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Characteristics of the trachea

A

held open so air can go in and out
wind pipe: lets air move further down in the pathway
tough (hyaline cartilage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The trachea contains ______ that contracts and relaxes _____

A

trachealis, the opening for air flow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What surrounds the mucosa?

A

submucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the function of the submucosa?

A

contains tracheal glands that produce mucous secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Carina creates

A

two different airways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Order of Lower Respiratory System:

A

Carina > Primary (main) > Secondary (lobar) > Tertiary (segments)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What happens as you go down the lower respiratory pathway?

A

There is less and less cartilage as you get to the alveoli.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Sympathetic division deals with _____ and Parasympathetic deals with ______

A

brochiodialation

bronchioconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Terminal bronchioles

A

makes the end of the conduction division of air flow in the respiratory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Respiratory bronchiole

A

before exchange of gases
respiratory phase starts here
leads into alveolar sacs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Characteristics of alveolar sac

A

has little holes to allow air into the sacs, these little holes are alveolus.

Gives greatest surface area.

Elastic fibers here allow for stretch and recoil.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Pneumocyte Type I

A
  • Simple Squamous
  • Makes the barrier/wall of the alveolus
  • Purple
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Pneumocyte Type II

A

Makes surfactant to break surface tension
Allows for more air to come in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Mechanisms of surfactant:

A

phospholipids, detergent like substance, inflates alveoli- breaks surface tension (water bonds)

31
Q

T/F: is there a thin layer of fluid for surface tension.

A

T

32
Q

Which lung has 3 lobes?

A

Right Lung

33
Q

What is the significance of serous membrane being separated?

A

If one lung fails, the other one can operate.

34
Q

Respiratory exchange surfaces receive deoxygenated blood from

A

pulmonary arteries

35
Q

Oxygen-rich blood from alveolar capillaries is carried through

A

pulmonary veins to left atrium

36
Q

Capillaries supplied by bronchial arteries provide

A

oxygen and nutrients to conducting passageways

37
Q

Pulmonary circuit is under low pressure

A

implicates that things could get stuck

38
Q

Blood pressure in pulmonary circuit:

A
39
Q

BP in pulmonary circuit is

A

lower than that in the systemic circuit

40
Q

Why is the low BP in the pulmonary circuit worrisome?

A

Pulmonary vessels can get easily blocked by blood clots, fat, or air bubbles.

41
Q

Respiration includes two integrated processes:

A

externa/internal respiration

42
Q

External respiration:

A

all processes involved in exchange of O2 and CO2 with external environment.

43
Q

Apnea

A

pulmonary ventilation is suspended (lack of air flow)

44
Q

Changing pressure =

A

change in cavity

45
Q

Boyle’s Law

A

decrease volume of the container, collision occurs more, increasing pressure.

46
Q

Change in pressure leads to air flow, more specifically

A

high pressure to low pressure

47
Q

pulmonary ventilation causes

A

volume changes that create changes in pressure

48
Q

Serous membranes are important for

A

volume changes in the thoracic cavity.

49
Q

What helps hold the lungs to the wall?

A

pleural fluid- reduces friction

50
Q

Contraction of diaphragm

A

flattens out- increases thoracic volume, air pressure needs to go down, thoracic cavity needs to expand. (inflation)

51
Q

External internal costal muscles

A

will lift up ribs and out (inflation)

52
Q

Exhalation is dependent on

A

elastic fibers of alveoli

53
Q

Forced exhalation/inhalation utilize

A

accessory muscles.

54
Q

Intrapulmonary pressure

A

within lungs

55
Q

intrapleural pressure

A

atmospheric pressure
negative relative to the atmosphere

56
Q

Transpulmonary pressure

A

intrapulmonary - intrapleural pressure

57
Q

Compliance

A

measurement of expandability (high = good, low = bad)

58
Q

factors that affect compliance

A

lvl of surfactant production
connective tissue of lungs
mobility of thoracic cage.

59
Q

Respiratory Rate:

A

number of breaths per minute

60
Q

Tidal Volume:

A

amount of air moved per breath

61
Q

Partial Pressure influence movement of

A

each individual gas

62
Q

Daltons Law:

A

cares about partial pressures- contributes to total pressure in proportion to its relative abundance.

63
Q

Henry’s Laws:

A

the amount of gas in solution is proportional to partial pressure of that gas.

64
Q

When gas under pressure contacts a liquid,

A

pressure forces gas molecules into solution

65
Q

CO2 easily goes in and out, o2

A

needs a lot more force. both are leaving at the same rate though.

66
Q

At higher temperatures:

A

PH of blood will be higher- moves oxygen to tissues that need oxygen, for ex, working out - saturation goes up

67
Q

At lower temperatures,

A

PH of blood will be lower- less oxygen is released- saturation goes down.

68
Q

When O2 demand rises,

A

respiratory rates increase under neural control (has voluntary and involuntary components)

69
Q

Dorsal Respiratory Group:

A

needed for quiet breathing and turns off during passive breathing

70
Q

What does the DRG stimulate?

A

diaphragm and external intercostal muscles

71
Q

Ventral Respiratory Group

A

activates accessory muscles for forced breathing

72
Q

Inspiratory center:

A

active during inhalation, inhibits DRG during exhalation and muscles relax

73
Q

Expiratory center

A

inhibited during inhalation

74
Q

Steps for forced breathing:

A

Primary + accessory muscles stimulated during inhalation > DRG + VRG of inspiratory center are inhibitied and VRG of expiratory center is activated > muscles relax > DRG and inspiration center of VRG is activated and VRG of expiratory center is inhibited.

A&P 2 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions