Respiratory System Flashcards
Describe the role of air passages in the nose (2 marks)
Filters dust particles
Channels oxygen to/from the lungs
Describe the function of the diaphragm (2 marks)
Increases the volume of the chest by contracting
Describe the function of the intercostal muscles (2 marks)
Reduces the pressure in the chest by lifting the ribs
Describe how alveoli are adapted to carry out their function (4 marks)
They are small air sacs
Their function is gaseous exchange
The alveoli have a large surface area
The surface is moist
Explain how the respiratory muscles allow ventilation of the lungs (4 marks)
The intercostal muscles contract, lifting the rib cage, increasing the volume of the thorax, causing exhalation
Explain the affects of smoking on someone’s body systems (8 marks)
Tar prevents cilia moving, leading to increased infections. This can lead to COPD- a group of diseases that affect the lungs
Increased chances of pneumonia
Nicotine causes vasoconstriction, affecting the circulatory systems, this puts pressure on the respiratory system
Increased risk of cancer to the lungs, and mouth cancer
Carbon monoxide dresses the efficiency of the blood to carry oxygen
Increased chances of cardiovascular disease
It can exacerbate asthma
Explain why people 65 years and above are more likely to die from COPD (4 marks)
Older people have smoked for longer, smoking can cause COPD, the reduced oxygen levels have caused organ failure
Outline aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration (4 marks)
Aerobic respiration
Uses oxygen (1) produce energy /carbon dioxide and water (1)
Anaerobic respiration
Happens without oxygen (1) produces energy / lactic acid (1).
