Endocrine System

Question 1

Outline the role of the adrenal gland (4 marks)

Answer 1

Produces adrenaline for the fight or flight response

Produces aldosterone to regulate blood pressure

Question 2

Explain the role of insulin in maintaining blood glucose levels (2 marks)

Answer 2

Changes glucose to glycogen, which reduces glucose levels in the blood

Question 3

Explain the role of glucagon in maintaining blood glucose levels

Answer 3

Changes glycogen to glucose, raising glucose levels

Question 4

Describe one role of the hypothalamus (2 marks)

Answer 4

It controls homeostasis by releasing hormones

Question 5

Explain two roles of androgen hormones (4 marks)

Answer 5

Male sex hormones that stimulates puberty

Change body shape by increasing muscle mass

Question 6

Explain the disorder type 2 diabetes (6 marks)

Answer 6

A condition where blood sugar levels get too high

It is caused by problems with insulin production or the body not reacting properly to the insulin that it produces

A life long condition controlled by diet and medication

The increased glucose levels can cause symptoms such as excessive urination, fungal infections, blurred vision

It is often linked to obesity

Some ethnic groups are more at risk

Question 7

State two roles of the pituitary gland gland (2 marks)

Answer 7

Controls body systems

Osmoregulation

Question 8

Describe hypothyroidism (6 marks )

Answer 8

Caused by a reduced level of thyroxin

Thyroxin controls metabolic rate

The reduced metabolic rate can lead to lethargy, weight gain, depression and memory problems

It can lead to cardiovascular disease

Treatment includes thyroxin replacement

Question 9

Describe the affects of adrenaline on the body (4 marks)

Answer 9

Increased blood flow to the muscles

Controls the flight or fight response

Causes pupil dilation

Increased breathing rate