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Anatomy and Physiology > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Where does gas exchange happen in external respiration?

A

Alveoli and pulmonary capillaries

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2
Q

H+ + HCO3- > H2CO3
External or Internal respiration?

A

External

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3
Q

Hb + O2
External or Internal respiration?

A

External

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4
Q

Where does gas exchange happen in internal respiration?

A

Systematic capillaries and tissue fluid

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5
Q

HbO2 > Hb + O2
External or Internal respiration?

A

Internal

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6
Q

When does CO2 diffuse into the blood?

A

When PO2 of tissue fluid is higher than in the blood

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7
Q

CO2 + H2O > H2CO3> H+ + HCO3-
External or Internal respiration?

A

Internal

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8
Q

What is the purpose of cilia in the trachea?

A

Move up mucus and any dust or debris inhaled

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9
Q

What is the pleural membrane?

A

Lines the chest walls and lungs creating a air tight seal

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10
Q

How is negative pressure created?

A

Created by increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity

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11
Q

How is space in the thoracic cavity made bigger?

A

Contraction of the diaphragm muscles (moves down and less dome shaped) and increase space within lungs

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12
Q

What happens to the ribs when inhaling?

A

Ribs move up and out increasing space in thoracic cavity

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13
Q

What happens when the diaphragm relaxes?

A

It moves up, intercostals relax and the ribs move down and inward decreasing thoracic cavity space (exhalation)

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14
Q

What controls the rate of breathing?

A

CO2 and H+ in the blood

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15
Q

What is a tidal volume?

A

Normal breathing rate

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16
Q

What is vital capacity?

A

maximum that can be breathed in per breath

17
Q

What is dead air space?

A

air stuck in bronchiole that don’t reach alveoli

18
Q

What is air left in the lungs after you exhale?

A

Residual air

19
Q

What is the law of diffusion?

A

Material will flow from area of high concentration to low

20
Q

What are chemoreceptors?

A

In arteries detect increase in CO2 and H+

21
Q

Function of the medula oblongata?

A

Sends nerve impulses to the diaphragm and ribcage muscles

22
Q

What enzyme is used to break down carbonic acid?

A

Carbonic anydrase

23
Q

Which structure has the greatest surface area to volume ratio?

24
Q

What causes the pH of blood to increase?

A

When reduced Hb is produced

25
Q

What is transported in the blood as carbaminhemoglobin?

A

carbon dioxide

26
Q

what is the buffering effect of reduced hemoglobin in the body?

A

reduces concentration of H+ in the blood

27
Q

HCO3- are produced in external or internal respiration?

28
Q

What substance counteracts a decrease in blood pH?

A

Reduced hemoglobin

Anatomy and Physiology (5 decks)

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