Respiratory System Flashcards
Where does gas exchange happen in external respiration?
Alveoli and pulmonary capillaries
H+ + HCO3- > H2CO3
External or Internal respiration?
External
Hb + O2
External or Internal respiration?
External
Where does gas exchange happen in internal respiration?
Systematic capillaries and tissue fluid
HbO2 > Hb + O2
External or Internal respiration?
Internal
When does CO2 diffuse into the blood?
When PO2 of tissue fluid is higher than in the blood
CO2 + H2O > H2CO3> H+ + HCO3-
External or Internal respiration?
Internal
What is the purpose of cilia in the trachea?
Move up mucus and any dust or debris inhaled
What is the pleural membrane?
Lines the chest walls and lungs creating a air tight seal
How is negative pressure created?
Created by increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity
How is space in the thoracic cavity made bigger?
Contraction of the diaphragm muscles (moves down and less dome shaped) and increase space within lungs
What happens to the ribs when inhaling?
Ribs move up and out increasing space in thoracic cavity
What happens when the diaphragm relaxes?
It moves up, intercostals relax and the ribs move down and inward decreasing thoracic cavity space (exhalation)
What controls the rate of breathing?
CO2 and H+ in the blood
What is a tidal volume?
Normal breathing rate
What is vital capacity?
maximum that can be breathed in per breath
What is dead air space?
air stuck in bronchiole that don’t reach alveoli
What is air left in the lungs after you exhale?
Residual air
What is the law of diffusion?
Material will flow from area of high concentration to low
What are chemoreceptors?
In arteries detect increase in CO2 and H+
Function of the medula oblongata?
Sends nerve impulses to the diaphragm and ribcage muscles
What enzyme is used to break down carbonic acid?
Carbonic anydrase
Which structure has the greatest surface area to volume ratio?
Alveoli
What causes the pH of blood to increase?
When reduced Hb is produced
