Nervous System

Question 1

Sensory neuron

Answer 1

Afferent neuron; takes message from sense organ to CNS
Has a long dendrite and a short axon

Question 2

Motor neuron

Answer 2

Efferent neuron; takes message away from CNS to a muscle fibre or gland
Short dendrites, long axon

Question 3

Interneuron

Answer 3

Connector neuron; Contained within CNS, conveys messages between parts of system
Dendrites/ axons long or short

Question 4

Nerve conduction

Answer 4

electrochemical change that moves in one direction along the length of a nerve fibre

Question 5

Depolarization

Answer 5

When the inside of the axon becomes positive (membrane becomes permeable to Na+ moves outside to inside axon)

Question 6

Repolarization

Answer 6

Inside of the axon becomes negative again (membrane becomes permeable to K+ , moves from inside to out)

Question 7

Recovery phase

Answer 7

K+ goes back to the inside, Na+ goes back to the outside of the ion (active transportation requiring ATP energy)

Question 8

Synapse

Answer 8

Region between an axon and cell body or dendrite to which it’s attached

Question 9

Excitatory transmitters

Answer 9

acetylcholine, adrenaline, noradrenaline, serotonin, and dopamine

Question 10

Inhibitory transmitters

Answer 10

GABA, glycine, serotonin

Question 11

The reflex arc

Answer 11

Main functional unit of the NS, allows us to react to internal or external stimuli

Question 12

Effector

Answer 12

organ, muscle fibre, glands

Question 13

Monoanime oxidase

Answer 13

Breaks down noradrenaline before it is absorbed

Question 14

Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer 14

• “Fight or flight” response
• Noradrenaline

Question 15

Noradrenaline (SNS)

Answer 15

Neurotransmitter released, a known heart stimulant

Question 16

Acetylcholine (PSNS)

Answer 16

Neurotransmitter released, relaxed state slows heart rate

Question 17

What does Medulla Oblongata control?

Answer 17

Heart rate, breathing, blood pressure
Reflex reactions like coughing, sneezing, vomiting, hiccuping, swallowing

Question 18

Hypothalamus has control centres for?

Answer 18

Hunger, sleep, thirst, body temp, water balance and blood pressure
Sexual response, “Fight or flight”, pleasure

Question 19

Pituitary gland purpose?

Answer 19

Serves as a link between the NS and the endocrine systems

Question 20

Drug blocks excitatory neurotransmitter

Answer 20

Result: Depression
E.g: Amphetamines (Cocaine)

Question 21

Drug enhances excitatory neurotransmitter

Answer 21

Result: Stimulation
E.g: Nicotine

Question 22

Drug blocks inhibitory neurotransmitter

Answer 22

Result: Stimulation
E.g: Caffine

Question 23

Drug enhances inhibitory neurotransmitters

Answer 23

Result: Depression
E.g: Alcohol

Question 24

Reflex arc order?
-Effector
-Interneuron
-Motor neuron
-Receptor
-Sensory neuron

Answer 24

Receptor
Sensory neuron
Interneuron
Motor neuron
Effector