Respiratory System Flashcards
What are the 5 parts of the Upper Respiratory System?
-Nose
-Nasal Passageways
-Pharynx
-Larynx
-Trachea
What are 4 parts of the Lower Respiratory System?
-Bronchi
-Bronchioles
-Alveolar Ducts
-Alveoli
Where do air molecules enter fist?
-the nose
What’s another word for Nostrils?
-Nares
What are Nostrils?
-the external openings of the respiratory tube
Where do Nostrils lead to?
- Nasal Passageways
Where are the Nasal Passageways located at?
-Located between the nostrils and the pharynx
Are the Nasal passageways separated, if so by what?
-Separated into left and right halves by the nasal septum
What separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity?
- Hard and Soft palates
What are Turbinates?
-Thin scroll like bones covered with nasal epithelium
that divide each nasal passage into 3 main passageways.
What are the three main conditioning roles of Nasal Passageways?
-Warming
-Humidifying
-Filtering
What are Paranasal Sinuses?
-Outpouchings of the nasal passages that are contained within spaces in certain skull bones
How are sinuses named?
-Each sinus is named after the bone that houses it
What are two examples of sinus?
- Frontal Sinus
-Maxillary Sinus
What’s a ciliated lining?
-mucus produced in the sinuses down into the nasal passages
What does the cilia prevent?
- prevents fluid and debris from accumulating in the sinuses and obstructing the openings into the nasal passages
What is the Pharynx?
-“Throat” common passageway for both respiratory and digestive systems
What does the soft palate in the Pharynx have in it?
-Dorsal Nasopharynx
-Ventral Oropharynx
Which way is the Esophagus?
- Dorsally
Which way is the Trachea?
- Ventrally
How does the Respiratory Passageway go?
-starts dorsally but as it comes caudally it becomes ventral to the digestive system
What is the Larynx?
- “Voice box” connects pharynx to the trachea
What is the larynx made up of?
- made up of segments of cartilage
What direction does the cartilages go?
- rostral to caudal
What are the four cartilages?
- Epiglottis
-Arytenoid - Thyroid
-Cricoid
Which way does the Larynx project?
-Projects forward into the pharynx
Less tension of the vocal cords creates what sounds?
- Lower pitched sounds
High tension of the vocal cords creates what sounds?
-Higher pitched sounds
What is the Trachea?
- “windpipe” Extends from larynx to were it divides in to the 2 main bronchi
What is the Trachea tube made out of?
- fibrous tissue and smooth muscle
Cartilaginous rings are shaped how?
- C shaped
What happens in the Mucociliary escalator?
-Mucus traps small particles, Cilia carry it back to the pharynx to be swallowed
The base of the lungs has what kind of contact with the diaphragm?
- direct contact
What is the Diaphragm and what does it aid in?
-Thin muscle that directly aid in respiration
What is the Mediastinum?
- between the left and right lung
How many lobes does the left and right lung have?
- 2 on the left 4 on the right
What are the 2 left lung lobes?
- cranial
-caudal
What are the 4 right lung lobes?
-cranial
-middle
-caudal
-accessory
What are characteristics of the lungs?
- very light and has a spongy consistency
Are the lungs functional before birth?
-No
What is the Bronchial Tree?
- Air passageways that lead from the bronchus to the alveoli
How can the Bronchial Tree adjusts its diameter?
- by smooth muscle fibers that line the wall
During times of intense exercise, the bronchial smooth muscle does what?
- relaxes allowing the air passageways to dilate
At relaxed times, the smooth muscles fibers does what?
- constricts to lessen the amount of work
What are the 7 in the Bronchial Tree Flow of Air?
-Tracheal Bifurcation
- Principal Bronchi L&R
-Lobar Bronchi
- Segmented Bronchi
-Bronchioles
- Alveolar Duct
-Alveoli
What is the Alveoli?
- Tiny and thinned walled sacs that are surrounded by capillaries
What is the Alveoli site of ?
- external respiration where oxygen is exchanged between the blood and air for carbon dioxide
