Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What are the 5 thoracic boundaries?
-Dorsal
-Ventral
-Lateral
-Caudal
-Cranial
What does the Dorsal Boundary contain?
-Vertebral bodies
What does the Ventral Boundary contain?
-Sternum
What does the Caudal Boundary contain?
-Diaphragm
What does the Lateral Boundary contain?
-Thoracic Wall
What does the Cranial Boundary contain?
-Thoracic Inlet
What are the three body cavities?
-Thoracic
-Abdominal
-Pelvic
What are the three Serous Membrane cavities?
- Parietal
- Visceral
- Connecting
What does the Parietal cavity cover?
- walls
What does the Visceral cavity cover?
- internal organs
What does the Connecting cavity cover?
- everything between P&V cavities
What is the Pleura?
- double layered serous membrane
- lung lining
What is the outer layer of the Pleura?
- Parietal pleura ; along ribs, attaches to the chest wall, middle
What is the inner layer of the Pleura?
- Visceral Pleura; covers lungs, blood vessels, nerves, and bronchi
What is the Mediastinum?
- space between lungs
What is the Heart used as?
- a pump to push blood flow through the body
- to pump the cardiac muscle
What are the 5 components of blood?
-oxygen
-nugrients
-cells (rbc)(wbc)
-antibodies
-waste product
What is the hearts cage and surrounding pillow?
-Ribs(cage)
-Lungs(pillow)
What is the serous sac?
-small space between the Visceral and Parietal layers of the Serous Membrane
What is serous fluid?
- acts as a lubricant that allows organs to expand & contract without fiction
What are the two Pericardium layers?
-Serous and Fibrous Pericardium
What are the two layers of the Serous Pericardium?
-Parietal and Visceral Pericardium
What is Pericardial Effusion?
- the buildup of extra fluid in the space around the heart, allowing it to contract and pump
What are the three layers of the Heart?
-Epicardium
-Myocardium
-Endocardium
What are the four heart chambers?
-Right ventricle and atrium
-Left ventricle and atrium
Where is the base of the heart?
-The top
Where is the apex of the heart?
- the bottom
Where is the coronary grove of the heart, & what does it seperate?
- crown of heart
-atrium and ventricle
What are the two interventricular groove types?
-Subsinousal IV
-Paraconal IV
What is the anatomy of the heart?
- 2 ventricles
- 2 atriums
- 2 auricles
What is the function of the internal structure of the heart?
-to maintain the structure of the organ, & ensure blood flow in one direction
What is Chordae Tendineae?
- heart strings
-attach to the valves in the heart to cardiac wall and prevent them from inverting
What are the inflow valves?
- Right atrium and ventricle
-Left atrium and ventricle
What are the outflow valves?
- Aortic and Pulmonary valves
What do Arteries do?
-carry blood away from the heart
What do Veins do?
- carry blood to the heart
What is the first step of Blood Flow?
- blood flows from the vena cava to the Right atrium
What is the second step of Blood Flow?
- then through the Right AV valve to the Right ventricle , which transfer through the lungs
What is the third step of Blood Flow?
-through the pulmonary valve to the pulmonary artery
What is the fourth step of Blood Flow?
- Once the lungs amply oxygenate the blood, the blood goes through the pulmonary veins to the left atrium
What is the fifth step of Blood Flow?
-through left atrioventricular valve and into left ventricle
What is the sixth step of Blood Flow?
-After the oxygenated blood passes through the aortic valve, the heart sends it through the aorta to the rest of the body
-ascending, aortic arch, descending
What is the six steps in Fetal Blood Flow #1?
-Oxygenated maternal blood enter fetus through umbilical vein
-Passes through liver
-Enters caudal vena cava
-Right atrium
-Foramen ovale; opening between right and Left atria
-Left Atrium
What is the 11 steps in Fetal Blood Flow #2?
-Oxygenated maternal blood enter fetus through umbilical vein
-Passes through liver
-Enters caudal vena cava
-Right atrium
-Right AV Valve
-Right Ventricle
-Pulmonic Valve
-Pulmonary Artery
-Ductus Arteriosus
-Aorta
-Body
What is the Heart sound Lub S1?
-Simultaneous closure of the tricuspid and mitral valves
What is Heart sound Dup S2?
-Simultaneous closure of the Aortic and Pulmonic Valves
What is thick walled and deals with the pulse?
-Arteries
What is thin walled and more superficial?
-Veins
What are the three Heart Vessels?
-Vena Cava
-Aorta
-Pulmonary Trunk
What are the parts of the Vena Cava?
-cranial(superior)
-caudal(inferior)
What are the parts of the Aorta?
-ascending
-aortic arch
-descending
What are the parts of the Pulmonary Trunk?
-pulmonary vein (oxygenated)
- pulmonary artery
What does the Brachiocephalic trunk include?
- blood to the head and right arm (right subclavian)
What is the Left Subclavian?
- left thoracic limb
