Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 thoracic boundaries?

A

-Dorsal
-Ventral
-Lateral
-Caudal
-Cranial

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2
Q

What does the Dorsal Boundary contain?

A

-Vertebral bodies

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3
Q

What does the Ventral Boundary contain?

A

-Sternum

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4
Q

What does the Caudal Boundary contain?

A

-Diaphragm

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5
Q

What does the Lateral Boundary contain?

A

-Thoracic Wall

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6
Q

What does the Cranial Boundary contain?

A

-Thoracic Inlet

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7
Q

What are the three body cavities?

A

-Thoracic
-Abdominal
-Pelvic

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8
Q

What are the three Serous Membrane cavities?

A
  • Parietal
  • Visceral
  • Connecting
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9
Q

What does the Parietal cavity cover?

A
  • walls
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10
Q

What does the Visceral cavity cover?

A
  • internal organs
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11
Q

What does the Connecting cavity cover?

A
  • everything between P&V cavities
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12
Q

What is the Pleura?

A
  • double layered serous membrane
  • lung lining
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13
Q

What is the outer layer of the Pleura?

A
  • Parietal pleura ; along ribs, attaches to the chest wall, middle
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14
Q

What is the inner layer of the Pleura?

A
  • Visceral Pleura; covers lungs, blood vessels, nerves, and bronchi
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15
Q

What is the Mediastinum?

A
  • space between lungs
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16
Q

What is the Heart used as?

A
  • a pump to push blood flow through the body
  • to pump the cardiac muscle
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17
Q

What are the 5 components of blood?

A

-oxygen
-nugrients
-cells (rbc)(wbc)
-antibodies
-waste product

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18
Q

What is the hearts cage and surrounding pillow?

A

-Ribs(cage)
-Lungs(pillow)

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19
Q

What is the serous sac?

A

-small space between the Visceral and Parietal layers of the Serous Membrane

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20
Q

What is serous fluid?

A
  • acts as a lubricant that allows organs to expand & contract without fiction
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21
Q

What are the two Pericardium layers?

A

-Serous and Fibrous Pericardium

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22
Q

What are the two layers of the Serous Pericardium?

A

-Parietal and Visceral Pericardium

23
Q

What is Pericardial Effusion?

A
  • the buildup of extra fluid in the space around the heart, allowing it to contract and pump
24
Q

What are the three layers of the Heart?

A

-Epicardium
-Myocardium
-Endocardium

25
Q

What are the four heart chambers?

A

-Right ventricle and atrium
-Left ventricle and atrium

26
Q

Where is the base of the heart?

A

-The top

27
Q

Where is the apex of the heart?

A
  • the bottom
28
Q

Where is the coronary grove of the heart, & what does it seperate?

A
  • crown of heart
    -atrium and ventricle
29
Q

What are the two interventricular groove types?

A

-Subsinousal IV
-Paraconal IV

30
Q

What is the anatomy of the heart?

A
  • 2 ventricles
  • 2 atriums
  • 2 auricles
31
Q

What is the function of the internal structure of the heart?

A

-to maintain the structure of the organ, & ensure blood flow in one direction

32
Q

What is Chordae Tendineae?

A
  • heart strings
    -attach to the valves in the heart to cardiac wall and prevent them from inverting
33
Q

What are the inflow valves?

A
  • Right atrium and ventricle
    -Left atrium and ventricle
34
Q

What are the outflow valves?

A
  • Aortic and Pulmonary valves
35
Q

What do Arteries do?

A

-carry blood away from the heart

36
Q

What do Veins do?

A
  • carry blood to the heart
37
Q

What is the first step of Blood Flow?

A
  • blood flows from the vena cava to the Right atrium
38
Q

What is the second step of Blood Flow?

A
  • then through the Right AV valve to the Right ventricle , which transfer through the lungs
39
Q

What is the third step of Blood Flow?

A

-through the pulmonary valve to the pulmonary artery

40
Q

What is the fourth step of Blood Flow?

A
  • Once the lungs amply oxygenate the blood, the blood goes through the pulmonary veins to the left atrium
41
Q

What is the fifth step of Blood Flow?

A

-through left atrioventricular valve and into left ventricle

42
Q

What is the sixth step of Blood Flow?

A

-After the oxygenated blood passes through the aortic valve, the heart sends it through the aorta to the rest of the body
-ascending, aortic arch, descending

43
Q

What is the six steps in Fetal Blood Flow #1?

A

-Oxygenated maternal blood enter fetus through umbilical vein
-Passes through liver
-Enters caudal vena cava
-Right atrium
-Foramen ovale; opening between right and Left atria
-Left Atrium

44
Q

What is the 11 steps in Fetal Blood Flow #2?

A

-Oxygenated maternal blood enter fetus through umbilical vein
-Passes through liver
-Enters caudal vena cava
-Right atrium
-Right AV Valve
-Right Ventricle
-Pulmonic Valve
-Pulmonary Artery
-Ductus Arteriosus
-Aorta
-Body

45
Q

What is the Heart sound Lub S1?

A

-Simultaneous closure of the tricuspid and mitral valves

46
Q

What is Heart sound Dup S2?

A

-Simultaneous closure of the Aortic and Pulmonic Valves

47
Q

What is thick walled and deals with the pulse?

A

-Arteries

48
Q

What is thin walled and more superficial?

A

-Veins

49
Q

What are the three Heart Vessels?

A

-Vena Cava
-Aorta
-Pulmonary Trunk

50
Q

What are the parts of the Vena Cava?

A

-cranial(superior)
-caudal(inferior)

51
Q

What are the parts of the Aorta?

A

-ascending
-aortic arch
-descending

52
Q

What are the parts of the Pulmonary Trunk?

A

-pulmonary vein (oxygenated)
- pulmonary artery

53
Q

What does the Brachiocephalic trunk include?

A
  • blood to the head and right arm (right subclavian)
54
Q

What is the Left Subclavian?

A
  • left thoracic limb