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Integrated Anatomy > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the abdominal cavity?

A
  • Lining of the abdomen
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2
Q

What are two parts of the Peritoneum?

A

-Visceral and Parietal Peritoneum

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3
Q

What is in the Intraperitoneal space?

A
  • no organs just a small amount of fluid
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4
Q

What does the Mesentery do?

A
  • Attaches the organ to body wall
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5
Q

What does the Omentum do?

A
  • Attaches stomach to adjacent organs
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6
Q

What 11 things is the Digestive system composed of?

A
  • mouth
    -teeth
  • esophagus
    -stomach
    -Doudenum
    -Jejunum
    -Ileum
    -Cecum
    -Colon
    -Rectum
    -Anus
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7
Q

What are the three accessory digestive organs?

A

-salivary glands
-liver
-pancreas

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8
Q

What are Herbivores?

A

-plant eating animals

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9
Q

What are Carnivores?

A
  • meat eating animals
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10
Q

What are Omnivores?

A
  • Animals that eat both plants and meat
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11
Q

What is a monogastric stomach?

A
  • simple stomach
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12
Q

What are Hindgut Fermenters?

A
  • Monogastric herbivores with the ability to undergo microbial fermentation within the cecum.
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13
Q

What do ruminants have ?

A
  • mixing and fermentation compartments in addition to the stomach
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14
Q

What is the basic flow of the digestive system?

A

-Mouth > esophagus> stomach> small intestine > large intestine > anus

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15
Q

What is the Greater omentum structure?

A

-Greater curvature, attaches to dorsal body wall

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16
Q

What is the Lesser omentum structure?

A
  • Lesser curvature to liver
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17
Q

What two types of muscle are found in the digestive system?

A
  • skeletal
    -smooth
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18
Q

What two main types of smooth muscle contractions move and mix contents in the stomach?

A

-Peristaltic contractions
-Segmental contractions

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19
Q

How do Peristaltic contraction move things in your stomach?

A
  • by moving contents along the digestive tract
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20
Q

How do Segmental contraction move things in your stomach?

A
  • cause back-and-forth mixing movement
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21
Q

How does Segmental contraction aid in digestion and absorption ?

A
  • by mixing the digestive tract contents and slowing their movement through the tract
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22
Q

Where does digestion start?

A
  • oral cavity
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23
Q

What did the oral cavity include?

A

-Lips, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, hard palate, soft palate, and oropharynx

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24
Q

What are the characteristics of the lip?

A

-Highly sensitive
-Significant sense organ in horses, cattle, and other species

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25
What are the three salivary glands, & what do they all have?
-parotid -mandibular -sublingual -ducts (tubes) that carry saliva to the oral cavity
26
Where is the Parotid salivary gland located?
-central to the ear canals
27
Where is the Mandiblular salivary gland located?
- central to the parotid
28
Where is the Sublingual salivary gland located?
-medial to the shafts (body) of the mandible just under the base of the tongue
29
What is Mastication?
- Physical break down food of into smaller pieces
30
What are the 4 types of Teeth?
-Incisors (grasping) -Canines (tearing) -Premolars (cutting) -Molars ( grinding)
31
What is a dental pad, & who has them?
- ruminants -a strengthened gum covering the incisive bone
32
What are the 4 teeth surfaces?
-Lingual -Palatal -Labial -Buccal -
33
What is the lingual surface?
-“inner surface” of the lower arcade that faces the tongue
34
What is the Palatal surface?
-“inner surface” of the upper arcade that faces the hard palate
35
What is the Labial Surface?
- Outer surface” that faces the front of the mouth
36
What is the Buccal surface?
- “Outer surface” of both arcades that face the cheek
37
What are the 4 characteristics in the Anatomy of the tooth?
-enamel -crown -root -dentin
38
What are Hypsodont teeth?
-teeth grow continuously
39
What are Brachydont teeth?
-teeth don’t continuously grow
40
What is the esophagus?
-Muscular tube that extends from the pharynx to the stomach
41
What is the cardiac sphinter?
- a weak circle of smooth muscle, Capable of closing off an opening
42
What are the 6 parts of the stomach?
-esophagus -Cardia -Fundus -Body -Pyloric -Pyloric sphincter
43
What are the components of the abomasum stomach?
- 3 forestomachs and 1 true stomach
44
What does the rumen do?
- Processes plant material into useable energy via large fermentative vat
45
What are the characteristics of the Reticulum?
- Smallest and most cranial compartment -Separated from the rumen by the rumenoreticular fold -Honeycomb appearance
46
What are the characteristics of the Omasum?
-When rumenoreticular contractions occur, they move ingesta in -Muscular organ •Breakdown food particles further
47
What are the characteristics of the Abomasum?
-“true stomach” -breaks down proteins and fats
48
what are the characteristics of the small intestine?
-Cranial Duodenal Flexure(6) - duodenum begins in a dorsocranial course then turns caudally at the cranial duodenal flexure -Descending duodenum(7) – Along right side -Caudal duodenal flexure(9) - point where duodenum turns to left -Ascending duodenum - ends at the jejunum
49
what are the 3 characteristics of the large intestine?
-cecum -colon (descending, ascending, transverse) -rectum
50
What are the 9 parts in the flow of Ingesta?
-Mouth -Esophagus -Stomach - Duodenum - Jejunum -Ileum -Ileocecocolic junction -Cecum -Colon
51
What if the rectum?
-the terminal end of the large intestine
52
What is the anus composed of?
- composed of internal and external muscular sphincters
53
Internal anal sphincter are..?
-Involuntary -Responds to stretch receptors -Opens to allow passage of feces into the anal canal to stimulate defecation
54
External anal sphincter are … ?
-Voluntary -Opens to complete the elimination process
55
What is the anal gland?
-musk gland, mark territory, attracts mates
56
What is the liver and what does it produce?
-bile acids which aid in fat digestion -Largest gland in the body ( hepatic)
57
What are the 6 Hepatic Lobes?
-Right Lateral -Right Medial -Left Lateral -Left Medial -Quadrate -Caudate
58
What is the livers role?
-in filtering materials absorbed from the GI tract before they go through systemic circulation.
59
What does the Gallbladder do?
-Stores and concentrates bile
60
What are the two parts of the pancreas?
-Exocrine: secretes substances to the “outside” of the body -Endocrine: secrets substances directly into the blood stream

Integrated Anatomy (3 decks)

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