Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the abdominal cavity?

A
  • Lining of the abdomen
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2
Q

What are two parts of the Peritoneum?

A

-Visceral and Parietal Peritoneum

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3
Q

What is in the Intraperitoneal space?

A
  • no organs just a small amount of fluid
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4
Q

What does the Mesentery do?

A
  • Attaches the organ to body wall
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5
Q

What does the Omentum do?

A
  • Attaches stomach to adjacent organs
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6
Q

What 11 things is the Digestive system composed of?

A
  • mouth
    -teeth
  • esophagus
    -stomach
    -Doudenum
    -Jejunum
    -Ileum
    -Cecum
    -Colon
    -Rectum
    -Anus
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7
Q

What are the three accessory digestive organs?

A

-salivary glands
-liver
-pancreas

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8
Q

What are Herbivores?

A

-plant eating animals

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9
Q

What are Carnivores?

A
  • meat eating animals
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10
Q

What are Omnivores?

A
  • Animals that eat both plants and meat
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11
Q

What is a monogastric stomach?

A
  • simple stomach
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12
Q

What are Hindgut Fermenters?

A
  • Monogastric herbivores with the ability to undergo microbial fermentation within the cecum.
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13
Q

What do ruminants have ?

A
  • mixing and fermentation compartments in addition to the stomach
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14
Q

What is the basic flow of the digestive system?

A

-Mouth > esophagus> stomach> small intestine > large intestine > anus

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15
Q

What is the Greater omentum structure?

A

-Greater curvature, attaches to dorsal body wall

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16
Q

What is the Lesser omentum structure?

A
  • Lesser curvature to liver
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17
Q

What two types of muscle are found in the digestive system?

A
  • skeletal
    -smooth
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18
Q

What two main types of smooth muscle contractions move and mix contents in the stomach?

A

-Peristaltic contractions
-Segmental contractions

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19
Q

How do Peristaltic contraction move things in your stomach?

A
  • by moving contents along the digestive tract
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20
Q

How do Segmental contraction move things in your stomach?

A
  • cause back-and-forth mixing movement
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21
Q

How does Segmental contraction aid in digestion and absorption ?

A
  • by mixing the digestive tract contents and slowing their movement through the tract
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22
Q

Where does digestion start?

A
  • oral cavity
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23
Q

What did the oral cavity include?

A

-Lips, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, hard palate, soft palate, and oropharynx

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24
Q

What are the characteristics of the lip?

A

-Highly sensitive
-Significant sense organ in horses, cattle, and other species

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25
Q

What are the three salivary glands, & what do they all have?

A

-parotid
-mandibular
-sublingual
-ducts (tubes) that carry saliva to the oral cavity

26
Q

Where is the Parotid salivary gland located?

A

-central to the ear canals

27
Q

Where is the Mandiblular salivary gland located?

A
  • central to the parotid
28
Q

Where is the Sublingual salivary gland located?

A

-medial to the shafts (body) of the mandible just under the base of the tongue

29
Q

What is Mastication?

A
  • Physical break down food of into smaller pieces
30
Q

What are the 4 types of Teeth?

A

-Incisors (grasping)
-Canines (tearing)
-Premolars (cutting)
-Molars ( grinding)

31
Q

What is a dental pad, & who has them?

A
  • ruminants
    -a strengthened gum covering the incisive bone
32
Q

What are the 4 teeth surfaces?

A

-Lingual
-Palatal
-Labial
-Buccal
-

33
Q

What is the lingual surface?

A

-“inner surface” of the lower arcade that faces the tongue

34
Q

What is the Palatal surface?

A

-“inner surface” of the upper arcade that faces the hard palate

35
Q

What is the Labial Surface?

A
  • Outer surface” that faces the front of the mouth
36
Q

What is the Buccal surface?

A
  • “Outer surface” of both arcades that face the cheek
37
Q

What are the 4 characteristics in the Anatomy of the tooth?

A

-enamel
-crown
-root
-dentin

38
Q

What are Hypsodont teeth?

A

-teeth grow continuously

39
Q

What are Brachydont teeth?

A

-teeth don’t continuously grow

40
Q

What is the esophagus?

A

-Muscular tube that extends from the pharynx to the stomach

41
Q

What is the cardiac sphinter?

A
  • a weak circle of smooth muscle, Capable of closing off an opening
42
Q

What are the 6 parts of the stomach?

A

-esophagus
-Cardia
-Fundus
-Body
-Pyloric
-Pyloric sphincter

43
Q

What are the components of the abomasum stomach?

A
  • 3 forestomachs and 1 true stomach
44
Q

What does the rumen do?

A
  • Processes plant material into useable energy via large fermentative vat
45
Q

What are the characteristics of the Reticulum?

A
  • Smallest and most cranial compartment
    -Separated from the rumen by the rumenoreticular fold
    -Honeycomb appearance
46
Q

What are the characteristics of the Omasum?

A

-When rumenoreticular contractions occur, they move ingesta in
-Muscular organ
•Breakdown food particles further

47
Q

What are the characteristics of the Abomasum?

A

-“true stomach”
-breaks down proteins and fats

48
Q

what are the characteristics of the small intestine?

A

-Cranial Duodenal Flexure(6) - duodenum begins in a dorsocranial course then turns caudally at the cranial duodenal flexure
-Descending duodenum(7) – Along right side
-Caudal duodenal flexure(9) - point where duodenum turns to left
-Ascending duodenum - ends at the jejunum

49
Q

what are the 3 characteristics of the large intestine?

A

-cecum
-colon (descending, ascending, transverse)
-rectum

50
Q

What are the 9 parts in the flow of Ingesta?

A

-Mouth
-Esophagus
-Stomach
- Duodenum
- Jejunum
-Ileum
-Ileocecocolic junction
-Cecum
-Colon

51
Q

What if the rectum?

A

-the terminal end of the large intestine

52
Q

What is the anus composed of?

A
  • composed of internal and external muscular sphincters
53
Q

Internal anal sphincter are..?

A

-Involuntary
-Responds to stretch receptors
-Opens to allow passage of feces into the anal canal to stimulate defecation

54
Q

External anal sphincter are … ?

A

-Voluntary
-Opens to complete the elimination process

55
Q

What is the anal gland?

A

-musk gland, mark territory, attracts mates

56
Q

What is the liver and what does it produce?

A

-bile acids which aid in fat digestion
-Largest gland in the body ( hepatic)

57
Q

What are the 6 Hepatic Lobes?

A

-Right Lateral
-Right Medial
-Left Lateral
-Left Medial
-Quadrate
-Caudate

58
Q

What is the livers role?

A

-in filtering materials absorbed from the GI tract before they go through systemic circulation.

59
Q

What does the Gallbladder do?

A

-Stores and concentrates bile

60
Q

What are the two parts of the pancreas?

A

-Exocrine: secretes substances to the “outside” of the body
-Endocrine: secrets substances directly into the blood stream