Digestive System Flashcards
What is the abdominal cavity?
- Lining of the abdomen
What are two parts of the Peritoneum?
-Visceral and Parietal Peritoneum
What is in the Intraperitoneal space?
- no organs just a small amount of fluid
What does the Mesentery do?
- Attaches the organ to body wall
What does the Omentum do?
- Attaches stomach to adjacent organs
What 11 things is the Digestive system composed of?
- mouth
-teeth - esophagus
-stomach
-Doudenum
-Jejunum
-Ileum
-Cecum
-Colon
-Rectum
-Anus
What are the three accessory digestive organs?
-salivary glands
-liver
-pancreas
What are Herbivores?
-plant eating animals
What are Carnivores?
- meat eating animals
What are Omnivores?
- Animals that eat both plants and meat
What is a monogastric stomach?
- simple stomach
What are Hindgut Fermenters?
- Monogastric herbivores with the ability to undergo microbial fermentation within the cecum.
What do ruminants have ?
- mixing and fermentation compartments in addition to the stomach
What is the basic flow of the digestive system?
-Mouth > esophagus> stomach> small intestine > large intestine > anus
What is the Greater omentum structure?
-Greater curvature, attaches to dorsal body wall
What is the Lesser omentum structure?
- Lesser curvature to liver
What two types of muscle are found in the digestive system?
- skeletal
-smooth
What two main types of smooth muscle contractions move and mix contents in the stomach?
-Peristaltic contractions
-Segmental contractions
How do Peristaltic contraction move things in your stomach?
- by moving contents along the digestive tract
How do Segmental contraction move things in your stomach?
- cause back-and-forth mixing movement
How does Segmental contraction aid in digestion and absorption ?
- by mixing the digestive tract contents and slowing their movement through the tract
Where does digestion start?
- oral cavity
What did the oral cavity include?
-Lips, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, hard palate, soft palate, and oropharynx
What are the characteristics of the lip?
-Highly sensitive
-Significant sense organ in horses, cattle, and other species
What are the three salivary glands, & what do they all have?
-parotid
-mandibular
-sublingual
-ducts (tubes) that carry saliva to the oral cavity
Where is the Parotid salivary gland located?
-central to the ear canals
Where is the Mandiblular salivary gland located?
- central to the parotid
Where is the Sublingual salivary gland located?
-medial to the shafts (body) of the mandible just under the base of the tongue
What is Mastication?
- Physical break down food of into smaller pieces
What are the 4 types of Teeth?
-Incisors (grasping)
-Canines (tearing)
-Premolars (cutting)
-Molars ( grinding)
What is a dental pad, & who has them?
- ruminants
-a strengthened gum covering the incisive bone
What are the 4 teeth surfaces?
-Lingual
-Palatal
-Labial
-Buccal
-
What is the lingual surface?
-“inner surface” of the lower arcade that faces the tongue
What is the Palatal surface?
-“inner surface” of the upper arcade that faces the hard palate
What is the Labial Surface?
- Outer surface” that faces the front of the mouth
What is the Buccal surface?
- “Outer surface” of both arcades that face the cheek
What are the 4 characteristics in the Anatomy of the tooth?
-enamel
-crown
-root
-dentin
What are Hypsodont teeth?
-teeth grow continuously
What are Brachydont teeth?
-teeth don’t continuously grow
What is the esophagus?
-Muscular tube that extends from the pharynx to the stomach
What is the cardiac sphinter?
- a weak circle of smooth muscle, Capable of closing off an opening
What are the 6 parts of the stomach?
-esophagus
-Cardia
-Fundus
-Body
-Pyloric
-Pyloric sphincter
What are the components of the abomasum stomach?
- 3 forestomachs and 1 true stomach
What does the rumen do?
- Processes plant material into useable energy via large fermentative vat
What are the characteristics of the Reticulum?
- Smallest and most cranial compartment
-Separated from the rumen by the rumenoreticular fold
-Honeycomb appearance
What are the characteristics of the Omasum?
-When rumenoreticular contractions occur, they move ingesta in
-Muscular organ
•Breakdown food particles further
What are the characteristics of the Abomasum?
-“true stomach”
-breaks down proteins and fats
what are the characteristics of the small intestine?
-Cranial Duodenal Flexure(6) - duodenum begins in a dorsocranial course then turns caudally at the cranial duodenal flexure
-Descending duodenum(7) – Along right side
-Caudal duodenal flexure(9) - point where duodenum turns to left
-Ascending duodenum - ends at the jejunum
what are the 3 characteristics of the large intestine?
-cecum
-colon (descending, ascending, transverse)
-rectum
What are the 9 parts in the flow of Ingesta?
-Mouth
-Esophagus
-Stomach
- Duodenum
- Jejunum
-Ileum
-Ileocecocolic junction
-Cecum
-Colon
What if the rectum?
-the terminal end of the large intestine
What is the anus composed of?
- composed of internal and external muscular sphincters
Internal anal sphincter are..?
-Involuntary
-Responds to stretch receptors
-Opens to allow passage of feces into the anal canal to stimulate defecation
External anal sphincter are … ?
-Voluntary
-Opens to complete the elimination process
What is the anal gland?
-musk gland, mark territory, attracts mates
What is the liver and what does it produce?
-bile acids which aid in fat digestion
-Largest gland in the body ( hepatic)
What are the 6 Hepatic Lobes?
-Right Lateral
-Right Medial
-Left Lateral
-Left Medial
-Quadrate
-Caudate
What is the livers role?
-in filtering materials absorbed from the GI tract before they go through systemic circulation.
What does the Gallbladder do?
-Stores and concentrates bile
What are the two parts of the pancreas?
-Exocrine: secretes substances to the “outside” of the body
-Endocrine: secrets substances directly into the blood stream
