Respiratory System Flashcards
What is the order of the components in the respiratory system?
Mouth/ nose, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli.
What does the oxygen do once it has been inhaled?
It diffuses from a high concentration in the alveoli to a low concentration in the capillaries. In the capillaries the oxygen binds with haemoglobin to form oxyhemoglobin. At the same time, carbon dioxide diffuses from high concentration in the blood to low concentration in the alveoli so it can be exhaled.
What does the body do to exhale?
Intercostal muscles and diaphragm relaxes
This makes the chest cavity smaller
Increase in air pressure
Air is forced out
What is aerobic respiration?
60-80% of max heart rate
Oxygen used
Used for endurance sports that last longer than 2 minutes
What is anaerobic exercise?
80-90% max heart rate
Used for power sports that take less than a minute
Does not use oxygen
What has to happen when someone inhales?
-Intercostal muscles contract and pull ribs up
-diaghragm contracts and flattery’s downwards
-This makes chest cavity larger
-air pressure decreases and air is sucked in then lungs
What must happen in exhale?
-intercoastal muscles and and diaphragm relax
-this makes the chest cavity smaller
-this increases air pressure
-Air is forced out
What are the muscles used during the mechanics of breathing?
Pectorals and sternocleidomastoid
What makes glucose?
Energy + lactic acid
What is oxygen debt?
Oxygen shortage caused by anaerobic exercise
What is EPOC?
Increased oxygen intake after anaerobic exercise
Name the 4 chambers of the heart?
Left atrium
Right atrium
Left ventricle
Right ventricle
Name the 4 blood vessels entering and leaving the heart?
Pulmonary artery
Aorta
Venae cavae
Pulmonary vein
What is the functions of the artery?
Carries blood away from the heart
What is the function on the vein?
Collects oxygen-poor blood and return it to your heart
What is the function of the capillary?
Exchange of materials between the blood and tissue
Characteristics of the artery:
Muscular layer
Thick walls
Characteristics of the vein:
Thin walls
Less ebstic
Characteristics of the capillary:
Carry blood between veinst arties
Very thick walls
Define cardiac output?
The quality of blood pumped in a given period of time typically measured in litres per minute
What is the cardiac cycle?
A series of pressure changes that take place within the heart
What is the systole?
The phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood from the chamber in the arteries
What is the diastole?
The phase of the heartbeat when the muscle relaxes and allows the chamber to fill with blood
