Respiratory system

Question 1

Upper airway?

Answer 1

Nasopharynx, nasal air passage, pharynx, oropharynx, mouth, epiglottis

Question 2

Lower Airway?

Answer 2

Trachea, alveoli, bronchioles, main bronchi, carina, lung, diapraghm

Question 3

Nasopharynx:

Answer 3

upper section of pharynx that connects with the nasal cavity above the soft palate

Question 4

Oropharynx:

Answer 4

Section of the pharynx at the back of the throat, from the soft palate to the U-shaped hyoid bone near base of tongue

Question 5

Larynx (voicebox):

Answer 5

transition point from the upper airway to lower airway

Question 6

Air entering through mouht?

Answer 6

moves more rapidly and directly resulting in less moist than air that enters through nose

Question 7

Food/liquid/air travel proccess

Answer 7

food liquids and air all travel through the oropharynx however once reaching the laryngopharynx they must diverge.

Food and liquids continue posteriorly into the esophagus while air proceeds to the anteriorly positioned larynxand trachea (windpipe).

The larynx can’t tolerate solids or liquids and if come into contact will result in violent coughing and spasms.

Question 8

Epiglottis purpose

Answer 8

when swallowing the epiglottis closes and keeps water and food from passing the wrong way and coming into contact with the larynx

while breathing it opens and allows air to pass into the larynx and trachea

Question 9

How many parts are the right and left lung composed of?

Answer 9

right lung=3 portions (upper, middle, lower)
left lung= 2 portions (upper and lower)

Question 10

Alveoli

Answer 10

Sit of gas exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen and is lined with a network of tiny blood vessels aka pulmonary capillaries that carry carbon dioxide from the body to lungs (for removal through exhalation) and oxygen from lungs to body (inhalation)

Question 11

Process of inhalation?

Answer 11

The intercostal muscles and diaphragm both contract

Question 12

Process of exhalation?

Answer 12

The intercostal muscles and diaphragm both relax

Question 13

Which pleura covers the lungs to help them follow the motions of the chest wall, expanding and contracting?

Answer 13

visceral pleura

Question 14

What pleura lines the chest wall to help with movement?

Answer 14

Parietal pleura

Question 15

Visceral and parietal pleura movement?

Answer 15

a small amount of fluid is in between these to linings that helps permit smooth gliding of the tissues between the lung and the chest similar to how joints work.

Question 16

What is the pleural space?

Answer 16

Potential space between the visceral an parietal pleura; described as “potential” because in normal conditions the space doesn’t exist. It only appears if blood or air leaks into it.

Question 17

Diaphragm

Answer 17

Primary muscle of breathing. Forms the undersurface of the thorax, seperating the chest from the abdominal cavity. Contraction of this muscle (and intercostal muscles) bring air into the lungs, aka inhalation. Relaxation of these muscles expels air aka exhalation.

Question 18

What is negative pressure breathing?

Answer 18

As the volume of the chest cavity increases, pressure in the cavity falls and air rushes into the lungs, air is essentially sucked into the lungs.

Question 19

What is ventilation?

Answer 19

Simply the movement of air between the lungs and the environment

Question 20

What is respirations?

Answer 20

Process of gas exchange, provides oxygen to cells and removes the waste product carbon dioxide. Also helps control the pH of blood.

Question 21

Respiration flow

Answer 21

In the capillaries O2 passes from the blood to the tissue cells, and Co2 and waste pass from the tissue cells to the blood

Question 22

Diffusion

Answer 22

Oxygen and carbon dioxide pass rapidly across these thin tissue layers though this process. A passive process in which molecules move from an area f high concentration (O2 in air) to low concentration (O2 in the bloodstream).

There are more O2 molecules in the alveoli than the blood so it moves from the alveoli into the blood. While CO2 is more abundant in the blood and moves into the alveoli.

Question 23

What controls breathing?

Answer 23

The brainstem controls breathing. The brain automatically controls breathing if the level o C02 or )2 in the arterial blood is too low or high. Which is why you can’t hold your breath indefinitely.