Respiratory System

Question 1

What are the Conducting Airways

Answer 1

Bronchi containing cartilage and non-resp bronchioles that do not participate in gas exchange

Form dead space

Question 2

What are the repiratory airways?

Answer 2

Bronchioles with alveoli where gas exchange occurs

Question 3

Type 1 Epithelial Cells

Answer 3

• Occupy 97% of alveoli
• Primary site of gas exchange

Question 4

Type 2 Epithelial Cells

Answer 4

• Occupy 3% of alveoli
• produce pulmonary surfactant (reduces surface tension)

Question 5

Pulmonary Circulation

Answer 5

carries large volumes of blood at low pressures

Question 6

Partial Pressure

Answer 6

sum of the partial pressures or tensions of a gas must be equal to a total pressure

Fraction of gas in mixture x barometric pressure

Question 7

Normal Value

Barometric Pressure

Answer 7

760mmHg

Question 8

Oyxgen Tranpsort

Answer 8

in dissolved form or bound to haemoglobin

Question 9

Dissolved Oxygen

Answer 9

amount is proportional to partial pressure. Only a small percentage of oxygen in blood is dissolved.

Question 10

Respiratory Exchange Rate

Answer 10

ratio of expired carbon dioxide: oxygen uptake

Question 11

Carbon Dioxide Transport

Answer 11

• Dissolved
• Bound to Hb or as bicarbonate

Question 12

Ventilation

Answer 12

process by which air moves in & out of lung

Question 13

Perfusion

Answer 13

process by which deoxygenated blood passes through the lung & becomes oxygenated

Question 14

Transpulmonary Pressure

Answer 14

difference between alveolar pressure and pleural pressure

Question 15

Tidal Volume

Answer 15

volume of air displaced between normal inspiration or expiration.

Question 16

Compliance

Answer 16

stretchiness of alveoli. Alveoli at base of lung are more compliant, as receives more ventilation

Question 17

Resistance

Answer 17

rigidness of alveoli

Question 18

V/Q Ratio

Answer 18

ratio of ventilation to blood flow

Question 19

Single Alveolus Ratio

Answer 19

Ratio defined as alveolar ventilation divided by capillary flow.

Question 20

Lung Ratio

Answer 20

Ratio defined as total alveolar ventilation divided by cardiac output

Question 21

Anatomical Shunt

Answer 21

deoxygenated venous blood shunted directly into arterial blood. Mostly occurs in heart

Question 22

Atelectasis

Answer 22

obstruction of ventilation due to blockages in airways

Question 23

Physiological Dead Space

Answer 23

total volume of gas in each breath that does not participate in gas exchange

Question 24

Upper Respiratory Tract

Answer 24

• Nose
• Paranasal sinuses
• mouth
• tonsils
• throat (pharynx)
• larynx

Question 25

Lower Respiratory Tract

Answer 25

* Larynx * Trachea * Right & Left Bronchi * Lungs * Alveoli

Question 26

Quiet Breathing

Answer 26

Inpiration: Active Expiration: Passive

Question 27

Inspiration

Answer 27

- Diaphragm contracts - external intercostals pull ribs out and up

Question 28

Strenuous Breathing

Answer 28

- Inspiration active - Expiration actvie (internal intercostals) - Greater contraction of diaphragm

Question 29

Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)

Answer 29

volume of air in lung at end of expiration during quiet breathing. At this point, no air is moving in or out of lungs