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Anatomy Exam 5 > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

what is in the upper respiratory tract
(conducting portion)

A

sphenoidal sinus
frontal sinus
nasal cavity
pharynx

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2
Q

what is in the lower respiratory tract

A

larynx
trachea
bronchi
lungs

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3
Q

another name for inhalation

A

inspiration

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4
Q

another name for exhalation

A

expiration

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5
Q

what does it mean when we say the inhaled air is conditioned

A

the gases are warmed, humidified and cleaned prior to reaching the tiny air sacs of the lungs

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6
Q

what does the external portion of the nose consist of

A

cartilage and bone

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7
Q

opening on the inferior surface of the nose (nostrils)

A

external nares

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8
Q

what does the floor of the nose consist of

A

horizontal plate of the maxillae, horizontal portions of the palatine bones

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9
Q

what does the roof of the nose consist of

A

nasal bones, frontal bone, cribriform plate of the ethmoid, sphenoid bone

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10
Q

anterior region of nasal cavity, near the nostrils

A

vestible

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11
Q

vibrissae

A

(nose hairs)
help trap large particles

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12
Q

ciliated epithelial cells

A

move a blanket of mucus posteriorly towards the nasopharynx

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13
Q

where are the chemoreceptors of the olfactory nerve located

A

upper mucous membranes of the nasal cavity

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14
Q

what is the nasal septum composed of

A

septal cartilage, perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone, vomer

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15
Q

what makes up the walls of the nose

A

primarily by the conchae, maxillary bones, palatine bones, lacrimal bones

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16
Q

why does your nose run when you cry

A

the opening nasolacrimal ducts (tear ducts) are just inferior to the inferior nasal conchae

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17
Q

these are lined with cilia and mucous and all drain into the nasal cavity

A

paranasal sinuses

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18
Q

purpose of the paranasal sinuses

A

moistening and cleansing air
make voice resonate
lightening the weight of the skull

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19
Q

what moves the mucous out through the exit that leads to the nose in the sinuses

A

cilia

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20
Q

these are all lined with mucous and cilia and drain into the nasal cavity

A

frontal sinuses
ethmoidal sinuses
sphenoidal sinuses
maxillary sinuses

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21
Q

where does the maxillary sinus drain

A

high and on the medial side (poor drainage)

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22
Q

sinusitis

A

infection in the sinus due to accumulation of fluid

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23
Q

common pathway for both inhaled and exhaled air and for ingested food

A

pharynx (except for nasopharnynx)

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24
Q

3 parts of the pharynx

A

nasal
oral
laryngeal

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25
Q

portion of throat behind the nose

A

nasopharynx

26
Q

open into nasopharynx region

A

eustachian tubes from the middle ear

27
Q

blocks liquids from entering the nasopharynx and is the most posterior portion of the soft palate

A

uvula

28
Q

portion of the throat behind the mouth. the visible palatine tonsils can be seen at this location

A

oropharynx

29
Q

tonsils found in the pharynx

A

pharyngeal (adenoids)
palatine
lingual

30
Q

laryngopharynx

A

lowest portion of throat. allows food or liquids into the esophagus and air in and out of the trachea

31
Q

most common location for large pieces of food to get stuck in

A

laryngopharynx

32
Q

that doers the lower respiratory tract consist of

A

larynx
trachea
bronchi
lungs

33
Q

connects the laryngopharynx to the trachea. lined with cilia

A

larynx

34
Q

laryngeal prominence (adams apple) is created by what

A

thyroid cartilage

35
Q

cricothyrotomy

A

emergency airway that can be made by cutting through the cricothyroid ligament

36
Q

what is pivoted shut when the larynx rises superiorly during swallowing

A

epiglottis

37
Q

used for visualizing the larynx

A

laryngoscope

38
Q

do false vocal cords (vestibular folds) produce sound

A

no
they support the true vocal cords (which do make sound)

39
Q

these vibrate when air is passed over them to produce sound

A

true vocal cords

40
Q

opening between the vocal folds

A

rima glottidis

41
Q

range of voice is determined by what

A

length of vocal folds

42
Q

pitch of voice is determined by what

A

tightness of vocal folds

43
Q

loudness of voice is determined by what

A

force of air passing the vocal cords

44
Q

what all contrtibutes to speech

A

lips, tongue, oral cavity, nasal cavity, sinuses, constriction of pharyngeal walls

45
Q

what causes laryngitis

A

infection or overuse of vocal folds

46
Q

trachea

A

connects larynx to primary bronchi. Located anterior to esophagus and is held open by C-shaped hyaline cartilage rings

47
Q

spans the open end of the c-shaped rings in the trachea and can contract to narrow the trachea so air moves more rapidly

A

trachealis muscle

48
Q

what muscles help in coughing and sneezing and force exhalation

A

internal intercostals
abdominal muscles
trachealis

49
Q

what is the trachea lined with

A

ciliated epithelium and mucus secreting cells

50
Q

where does air go after the trachea

A

left and right primary bronchus

51
Q

do foreign objects usually lodge in the right or left lunch and why

A

right because the left primary bronchus is more curved than the right making it easier for things to go down the right side

52
Q

internal ridge that divides the origins of the left and right primary bronchi

A

carina

53
Q

order of the branches from largest to smallest in the bronchial tree

A

primary bronchi
secondary bronchi
tertiary bronchi
bronchioles

54
Q

what happens during an asthmatic or allergic attack in the lungs

A

bronchioles narrow because they don’t have any cartilage rings to keep them open.

55
Q

final portion of the conducting system and conduct air to the respiratory portion of the respiratory system.

A

terminal bronchioles

56
Q

where does gas exchange occur

A

alveoli

57
Q

these engulf microbes and foreign material that has reached the alveoli

A

alveolar macrophages

58
Q

how many lobes does the right lung have

A

3

59
Q

how many lobes does the left lung have

A

2

60
Q

what does sympathetic innervation do with breathing

A

opens up airways

61
Q

what does parasympathetic innervation do with breathing

A

narrows the airways

Anatomy Exam 5 (5 decks)

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