digestive system 2

Question 1

pyloric sphincter

Answer 1

where food leaves the stomach into the small intestine

Question 2

entrance to the large intestine

Answer 2

ileocecal valve

Question 3

what attaches the small intestine to the posterior body wall of the abdominal cavity

Answer 3

mesentery

Question 4

where does the small intestine get its blood supply from

Answer 4

superior mesenteric artery

Question 5

venous drainage of the small intestine is via what

Answer 5

hepatic portal vein

Question 6

first portion of the small intestine and receives secretions from the liver and the pancreas

Answer 6

duodenum

Question 7

projection that protrudes into the duodenum that allows the exit of bile and pancreatic fluid

Answer 7

major duodenal papilla

Question 8

portion of the small intestine where the most absorption takes place

Answer 8

jejunum

Question 9

final potion of the small intestine and it empties into the cecum via the ileocecal valve

Answer 9

ileum

Question 10

what increases the surface area for absorption in the small intestine

Answer 10

circular folds

Question 11

where do carbohydrates and amino acids enter the blood

Answer 11

blood capillaries in the villi

Question 12

where do lipids and lipid soluble vitamins enter into the body

Answer 12

lymph capillaries (lacteals)

Question 13

What does the large intestine absorb

Answer 13

remaining water and salts

Question 14

short blunt pouch in humans

Answer 14

cecum

Question 15

what is attached to the cecum

Answer 15

vermiform appendix

Question 16

inflammation or blockage of the appendix

Answer 16

appendicitis

Question 17

mcburneys point

Answer 17

point of palpation to check for appendicitis

Question 18

how to find mcburneys point

Answer 18

one third the distance from the ASIS towards the umbilicus

Question 19

what can occur if the appendix ruptures

Answer 19

peritonitis

Question 20

what are the 4 regions of the colon

Answer 20

ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon

Question 21

where is the right colic flexure (hepatic flexure)

Answer 21

in between the ascending colon and transverse colon

Question 22

where is the left colic flexure (splenic flexure)

Answer 22

in between the transverse colon and descending colon

Question 23

development of sacs or pouches along the intestine

Answer 23

diverticulosis

Question 24

if the sacs on the intestine become inflamed

Answer 24

diverticulitis

Question 25

inner folds of the rectum

Answer 25

rectal valves

Question 26

varicose veins that protrude from the anal lining

Answer 26

hemorrhoids

Question 27

longitudinal bands in the large intestine

Answer 27

tenia coli

Question 28

sacs in the large intestine

Answer 28

haustra

Question 29

lobules of fat in the large intestine

Answer 29

epiploic appendages

Question 30

colostomy

Answer 30

stoma opens on anterior abdominal wall

Question 31

positioned immediately below the diaphragm and is the largest organ in the body

Answer 31

liver

Question 32

divides liver into two major lobes

Answer 32

falciform ligament

Question 33

venous blood is brought to the liver via what

Answer 33

hepatic portal vein

Question 34

how does the liver get its own blood supply

Answer 34

hepatic artery

Question 35

structural and functional units of the liver

Answer 35

hepatic lobules

Question 36

hepatocytes

Answer 36

cells in liver

Question 37

what is at the periphery of each hepatic lobule

Answer 37

portal triads

Question 38

allow both arterial and venous blood from the periphery to mix as the blood travels towards the central vein at the center

Answer 38

sinusoids

Question 39

liver failure can cause what

Answer 39

jaundice

Question 40

functions of the liver

Answer 40

produce bile detoxify drugs, metabolites and poisons store excess nutrients/vitamins synthesize/produce blood plasma proteins synthesize blood clotting protiens

Question 41

functions of the liver

Answer 41

produce bile detoxify drugs, metabolites and poisons store excess nutrients/vitamins synthesize/produce blood plasma proteins synthesize blood clotting proteins

Question 42

this can lead to damage of the liver characterized by scarring of the hepatic sinusoids so they no longer permit easy blood flow

Answer 42

chronic alcoholism

Question 43

when the damaged liver becomes an orange color

Answer 43

cirrhosis

Question 44

these provide an alternate route for venous return when hepatic portal hypertension exists because of cirrhosis

Answer 44

esophageal viens

Question 45

attached to the inferior surface of the liver. It stores and concentrates bile that is produced by the liver

Answer 45

gallbladder

Question 46

presence of gallstones in gallbladder or nearby ducts

Answer 46

cholelithiasis

Question 47

obstructive jaundice

Answer 47

blockage of the common bile duct by gallstones that leads to accumulated bilirubin

Question 48

connects the gallbladder to the common bile duct

Answer 48

cystic duct

Question 49

endocrine functions of the pancreas

Answer 49

produces insulin and glucagon and is release directly into blood stream

Question 50

exocrine functions of the pancreas

Answer 50

produces digestive enzymes that are released into the duodenum

Question 51

controls release of secretions from the hepatopancreatic ampulla into the duodenum

Answer 51

sphincter of oddi