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Anatomy Exam 5 > digestive system 2 > Flashcards

digestive system 2 Flashcards

1
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

where food leaves the stomach into the small intestine

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2
Q

entrance to the large intestine

A

ileocecal valve

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3
Q

what attaches the small intestine to the posterior body wall of the abdominal cavity

A

mesentery

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4
Q

where does the small intestine get its blood supply from

A

superior mesenteric artery

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5
Q

venous drainage of the small intestine is via what

A

hepatic portal vein

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6
Q

first portion of the small intestine and receives secretions from the liver and the pancreas

A

duodenum

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7
Q

projection that protrudes into the duodenum that allows the exit of bile and pancreatic fluid

A

major duodenal papilla

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8
Q

portion of the small intestine where the most absorption takes place

A

jejunum

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9
Q

final potion of the small intestine and it empties into the cecum via the ileocecal valve

A

ileum

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10
Q

what increases the surface area for absorption in the small intestine

A

circular folds

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11
Q

where do carbohydrates and amino acids enter the blood

A

blood capillaries in the villi

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12
Q

where do lipids and lipid soluble vitamins enter into the body

A

lymph capillaries (lacteals)

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13
Q

What does the large intestine absorb

A

remaining water and salts

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14
Q

short blunt pouch in humans

A

cecum

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15
Q

what is attached to the cecum

A

vermiform appendix

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16
Q

inflammation or blockage of the appendix

A

appendicitis

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17
Q

mcburneys point

A

point of palpation to check for appendicitis

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18
Q

how to find mcburneys point

A

one third the distance from the ASIS towards the umbilicus

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19
Q

what can occur if the appendix ruptures

A

peritonitis

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20
Q

what are the 4 regions of the colon

A

ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon

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21
Q

where is the right colic flexure (hepatic flexure)

A

in between the ascending colon and transverse colon

22
Q

where is the left colic flexure (splenic flexure)

A

in between the transverse colon and descending colon

23
Q

development of sacs or pouches along the intestine

A

diverticulosis

24
Q

if the sacs on the intestine become inflamed

A

diverticulitis

25
Q

inner folds of the rectum

A

rectal valves

26
Q

varicose veins that protrude from the anal lining

A

hemorrhoids

27
Q

longitudinal bands in the large intestine

A

tenia coli

28
Q

sacs in the large intestine

A

haustra

29
Q

lobules of fat in the large intestine

A

epiploic appendages

30
Q

colostomy

A

stoma opens on anterior abdominal wall

31
Q

positioned immediately below the diaphragm and is the largest organ in the body

A

liver

32
Q

divides liver into two major lobes

A

falciform ligament

33
Q

venous blood is brought to the liver via what

A

hepatic portal vein

34
Q

how does the liver get its own blood supply

A

hepatic artery

35
Q

structural and functional units of the liver

A

hepatic lobules

36
Q

hepatocytes

A

cells in liver

37
Q

what is at the periphery of each hepatic lobule

A

portal triads

38
Q

allow both arterial and venous blood from the periphery to mix as the blood travels towards the central vein at the center

A

sinusoids

39
Q

liver failure can cause what

A

jaundice

40
Q

functions of the liver

A

produce bile

detoxify drugs, metabolites and poisons

store excess nutrients/vitamins

synthesize/produce blood plasma proteins

synthesize blood clotting protiens

41
Q

functions of the liver

A

produce bile

detoxify drugs, metabolites and poisons

store excess nutrients/vitamins

synthesize/produce blood plasma proteins

synthesize blood clotting proteins

42
Q

this can lead to damage of the liver characterized by scarring of the hepatic sinusoids so they no longer permit easy blood flow

A

chronic alcoholism

43
Q

when the damaged liver becomes an orange color

A

cirrhosis

44
Q

these provide an alternate route for venous return when hepatic portal hypertension exists because of cirrhosis

A

esophageal viens

45
Q

attached to the inferior surface of the liver. It stores and concentrates bile that is produced by the liver

A

gallbladder

46
Q

presence of gallstones in gallbladder or nearby ducts

A

cholelithiasis

47
Q

obstructive jaundice

A

blockage of the common bile duct by gallstones that leads to accumulated bilirubin

48
Q

connects the gallbladder to the common bile duct

A

cystic duct

49
Q

endocrine functions of the pancreas

A

produces insulin and glucagon and is release directly into blood stream

50
Q

exocrine functions of the pancreas

A

produces digestive enzymes that are released into the duodenum

51
Q

controls release of secretions from the hepatopancreatic ampulla into the duodenum

A

sphincter of oddi

Anatomy Exam 5 (5 decks)

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