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Anatomy Exam 5 > digestive system 1 > Flashcards

digestive system 1 Flashcards

1
Q

includes the organs that ingest, transport and digest food into smaller usable components

A

digestive system

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2
Q

that is included in the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract)

A

oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine

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3
Q

what are the accessory digestive organs

A

teeth, tounge, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder and pancreas

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4
Q

6 functions of the digestive system

A
  1. ingestion
  2. swallowing
  3. secretion
  4. digestion
  5. absorption
  6. defecation
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5
Q

bolus

A

food mashed up all together in the digestive system

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6
Q

peristalsis

A

rhythmic muscle contractions moving bolus in 1 direction

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7
Q

segmentation

A

mixing as bolus moves

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8
Q

purpose of acid in digestive system

A

breaking down substances

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9
Q

purpose of bile in digestive system

A

emulsifies fats

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10
Q

mechanical digestion

A

physical break down of injested material into smaller pieces

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11
Q

chemical digestion

A

chemical breakdown of injested material into smaller molecules using enzymes

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12
Q

what is the mouth composed of

A

anterior- teeth and lips
posterior- oropharynx
roof- hard and soft palates
floor- tongue and muscles covered with mucosa

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13
Q

vestibule in the oral cavity

A

space between the cheeks or lips and the gums

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14
Q

oral cavity proper in the oral cavity

A

region central to the alveolar processes of the mandible and maxillae

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15
Q

what muscle makes up most of the cheeks

A

buccinator

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16
Q

what forms the lips

A

obicularis oris

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17
Q

what do the gingivae do

A

help support the teeth

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18
Q

superior and inferior labial frenulum

A

extend from the lips to the gingivae and connects the lips to the gums

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19
Q

these monitor ingested food and drink for harmful antigens

A

palatine tonsils

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20
Q

composed of skeletal muscle, assists in mastication, in swallowing, has taste buds and helps with speech

A

tongue

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21
Q

anchors the tongue to the floor of the mouth

A

lingual frenulum

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22
Q

what gland is located on the lingual frenulum

A

submandibular salivary ducts (used for gleeking)

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23
Q

contains amylase which breaks down starch to maltose. It also contains lysozyme and antibacterial substance

A

saliva

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24
Q

what are the 3 pairs of glands that produce saliva

A

parotid gland
submandibular gland
sublingual gland

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25
Q

largest salivary glands that are located near the ear, partially overlying the masseter muscle. Opens into the vestibule near the second upper molar

A

parotid salivary glands

26
Q

mumps

A

swollen parotid gland

27
Q

gland inferior to the body of the mandible

A

submandibular salivary glands

28
Q

gland located inferior to the tongue and open onto the inferior surface of the oral cavity

A

sublingual salivary gland

29
Q

what innervates the parotid glands

A

glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

30
Q

what innervates the submandibular and sublingual glands

A

facian nerve (CN VII)

31
Q

this stimulates salivary gland secretion (anticipation of tasty food)

A

parasympathetic innervation

32
Q

this inhibits normal secretion, which is why persons who are frightened experience the sensation of a dry mouth

A

sympathetic stimulation

33
Q

what holds the teeth into the dental alveoli

A

periodontal ligaments

34
Q

what are your incisors used for

A

cutting

35
Q

what are your canines for

A

tearing

36
Q

what are your molars for

A

grinding

37
Q

another name for the third molar

A

wisdom teeth

38
Q

how many incisors are on one quadrant of the mouth

A

2

39
Q

how many canines are on one quadrant of the mouth

A

1

40
Q

how many premolars are on one quadrant of the mouth

A

2

41
Q

how many molars are on one quadrant of the mouth

A

3

42
Q

funnel shaped structure that connects the oral and nasal cavities to the esophagus and trachea

A

pharynx

43
Q

what nerve innervates most of the pharyngeal muscles

A

vagus nerves (CN X)

44
Q

what are some retroperitoneal organs

A

pancreas and kidneys

45
Q

double-layered fold of the peritoneum that support and stabilize intraperitoneal organs

A

mesenteries

46
Q

covers most of the small intestine and inferior abdominal organs

A

greater omentum

47
Q

connects to small intestine

A

mesentery proper

48
Q

connects to large intestine

A

mesocolon

49
Q

attaches the stomach and upper duodenum to inferior surface of liver

A

lesser omentum

50
Q

attaches the liver to the inferior portion of the diaphragm and to the anterior abdominal wall

A

falciform ligament

51
Q

connects the laryngopharynx to the stomach. It passes through the diaphragm via the esophageal hiatus

A

esophagus

52
Q

sphincters in order

A
  1. orbicularis oris
  2. superior esophageal
  3. inferior esophageal
  4. pyloric
  5. ileocecal valve
  6. anal
53
Q

what kind of muscle does the esophagus have

A

both skeletal and smooth

54
Q

semidigested mass in the stomach

A

chyme

55
Q

initiates the digestion of proteins, has only minimal absorption and moves materials on to the small intestine

A

stomach

56
Q

stops air from entering the esophagus

A

upper esophageal sphincter

57
Q

stops food from leaving stomach up into the esophagus

A

lower esophageal sphincter

58
Q

allow stretching of the stomach

A

gastric rugae

59
Q

symptoms of peptic ulcers

A

burning pain, usually worse after eating, nausea, vomiting and dark/tarlike stools

60
Q

causes peptic ulcers

A

gastritis, use of NSAIDS, helicobacter pylori bacteria

Anatomy Exam 5 (5 decks)

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