Respiratory System

Question 1

Describe the process of inhale

Answer 1

-Diaphragm, exter. intercostal muscles contract
-Thoracic cavity, lung volume increases
-Pressure lowers
-Air goes from area of high pressure to low pressure

Question 2

Whats cellular respiration?

Answer 2

Breakdown of organic molecules to get energy, frequently needs O2

Question 3

Whats respiratory exchange?

Answer 3

Exchange of gases (CO2/O2) between an organism and its enviornment

Question 4

State the layers of the Pleural Cavity in the lungs

Answer 4

Visceral cavity, pleural cavity, intercostal cavity

Question 5

Describe the Intra-Alveolar Pressure (IAA)

Answer 5

-Inside alveoli
-Equalizes with atmosphere pressure

Question 6

Describe the Transpulmonary Pressure (IAA-IP)

Answer 6

-Pressure of IAA and IP combined
-Lower than IAA pressure

Question 7

Describe Intrapleural Pressure (IP)

Answer 7

-Inside pleural cavity
-Lower than IAA pressure

Question 8

Whats the difference between Hyperpnea and Hyperventilation?

Answer 8

Hyperpnea: Free breathing, use of additional muscles, conscious, deep breaths

Hyperventilation: Increased rate of breathing, lower CO2 levels, Alkalosis (higher pH and brain dysfunction)

Question 9

What health condition causes reduced O2 to body, due to high altitudes, respiratory/ circulation problems?

Answer 9

Hypoxia

Question 10

What are the functions of DRG and VRG?

Answer 10

Stimulate muscle contraction/ relaxation in breathing

Question 11

What part does the Medulla Rhythmicity area play a part in?

Answer 11

Sensory chemoreceptors causes by low pH and O2
Stretch receptors, voluntary/involuntary

Question 12

What does the Pontine Respiratory Group control?

Answer 12

Controls smooth and deep breathing
Pneumatic/ Apneustic area- stim/stops DRG/VRG

Question 13

Equation for oxyhemoglobin

Answer 13

O2 + Hb = HbO2

Question 14

Equation for carbohemoglobin

Answer 14

CO2 + Hb = Hb-CO2

Question 15

Describe the process of exhale

Answer 15

-Diaphragm, exter. intercostal muscles relax
-Lung elastic recoils
-Pressure increases

Question 16

Whats the equation for Carbonic Acid-Bicarbonate

Answer 16

CO2 + H2O = H2CO3 = HCO-3 + H+ (to tissues)

Question 17

What are the O2, CO2, pH level difference in Arterial and Venous blood?

Answer 17

Arterial: high O2, low CO2, alkaline pH
Venous: low O2, high CO2, acidic pH