Endocrine System

Question 1

Give examples of exocrine glands

Answer 1

Salivary glands, sweat glands, pancreas

Question 2

What hormones are released through the posterior pituitary gland?

Answer 2

Oxytocin and ADH (Antidiuretic hormone)

Question 3

What glands does Oxytocin effect?

Answer 3

Mammary glands (milk letdown)
Uterus (contractions)
Brain (social)

Question 4

What glands does Antidiuretic hormone effect?

Answer 4

Kidneys (high water absorption/ retention)

Question 5

List the 5 releasing hormones

Answer 5

Gonadotropic RH (GnRH)
Thyroid Stimulating HRH (TSHRH)
Prolactin RH (PRH)
Growth RH (GRH)
Adrenocorticotropic HRH (ACTHRH)

Question 6

Where is Follicle Stimulating Hormone and Luteinizing Hormone released from?

Answer 6

Gonadotropic RH, then through the Anterior Pituitary

Question 7

What does T3 (Thyroxine) and T4 (Thyroid Hormone) effect?

Answer 7

Heart (high heart rate)
Liver (controls metabolism)

Question 8

Where does Cortisol come from and what does it effect?

Answer 8

Origin: Adrenal gland cortex
Effect: Liver (high blood glucose)
Kidney
Digestion (low activity)

Question 9

Which hormone effects bone and liver growth?

Answer 9

Growth hormone

Question 10

Which hormone causes milk production in mammary glands?

Answer 10

Prolactin

Question 11

Which organs does FSH and LH effect?

Answer 11

Ovaries and testes

Question 12

What causes growing/maintenance of uterus and development of the mammary glands?

Answer 12

Estrogen and progesterone

Question 13

What hormone effects then testes?

Answer 13

Testosterone

Question 14

Whats the process of Oxytocin?

Answer 14

Oxytocin-Posterior-Mammary/Uterus/Brain

Question 15

Whats the process of Antidiuretic hormone?

Answer 15

ADH-Posterior-Kidneys

Question 16

Whats the process of Gonadotropic RH? (from Hyp)

Answer 16

Hyp-GnRH-Anterior-FSH,LH-Ovaries/Testes-Estrogen/Progesterone/Testosterone-Uterus/Mammary

Question 17

Whats the process of Thyroid Stimulating HRH? (from Hyp)

Answer 17

Hyp-TSHRH-Thyroid-T3/T4/Calcitonin-Heart-Liver-Bones

Question 18

What does Calcitonin effect?

Answer 18

Bones (stops osteblasts)

Question 19

Whats the process of Prolactin RH? (from Hyp)

Answer 19

Hyp-PRH-Anterior-Prolactin-Mammary gland

Question 20

Whats the process of Growth RH? (from Hyp)

Answer 20

Hyp-GRH-Anterior-GH-Bone/Liver

Question 21

Whats the process of Adrenocorticotropic RH? (from Hyp)

Answer 21

Hyp-ACTHRH-Anterior-ACTH-Adrenal Gland (cortex)-Cortisol-Kidney/Liver/Digestion

Question 22

What hormones does the Adrenal Gland Medulla produce?

Answer 22

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

Question 23

Which hormone effects the brain for sleep and mood (gland)

Answer 23

Melatonin, Pineal Gland

Question 24

Which hormone effects only the immune system? (gland)

Answer 24

Thymosin, Thymus

Question 25

Which hormones are secreted by the Pancreas

Answer 25

Insulin and Glucagon

Question 26

Explain how Insulin and Glucagon have opposite effects

Answer 26

Insulin lowers blood glucose Glucagon increases blood glucose

Question 27

Explain how Calcitonin and Parathyroid Hormone are opposites

Answer 27

Calcitonin lowers Ca levels (osteoblast stops breaking) Parathyroid hormone increases Ca levels (osteoblasts break)

Question 28

What are the effects of Aldosterone?

Answer 28

Effects Kidneys, increase Na retention and H2O, K excretion

Question 29

What are the effects of Epine and Norepine?

Answer 29

Liver increase blood glucose Heart increase rate

Question 30

What are the 3 phases of the stress response?

Answer 30

Alarm phase Resistance phase Exhaustion phase

Question 31

Explain the Alarm phase

Answer 31

Fight or flight response, the hypothalamus stimulates the release of Epinephrine and Norepinephrine from the Adrenal Medulla, body gets ready for physical activity

Question 32

Explain the Resistance phase

Answer 32

Reinforce the short term stress, hypothalamus stimulates anterior pituitary to release hormones (cortisol), causes high blood pressure, glucose

Question 33

Explain the Exhaustion phase

Answer 33

When the response is going on for a long time Cortisol uses up body resources, health problems, no energy storage, muscle loss, high blood pressure

Question 34

What are Prostaglandins?

Answer 34

They aren't hormones, produced from fatty acids, regulates blood pressure, nerve transmissions