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Biology 1209 > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

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1
Q

Give examples of exocrine glands

A

Salivary glands, sweat glands, pancreas

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2
Q

What hormones are released through the posterior pituitary gland?

A

Oxytocin and ADH (Antidiuretic hormone)

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3
Q

What glands does Oxytocin effect?

A

Mammary glands (milk letdown)
Uterus (contractions)
Brain (social)

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4
Q

What glands does Antidiuretic hormone effect?

A

Kidneys (high water absorption/ retention)

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5
Q

List the 5 releasing hormones

A

Gonadotropic RH (GnRH)
Thyroid Stimulating HRH (TSHRH)
Prolactin RH (PRH)
Growth RH (GRH)
Adrenocorticotropic HRH (ACTHRH)

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6
Q

Where is Follicle Stimulating Hormone and Luteinizing Hormone released from?

A

Gonadotropic RH, then through the Anterior Pituitary

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7
Q

What does T3 (Thyroxine) and T4 (Thyroid Hormone) effect?

A

Heart (high heart rate)
Liver (controls metabolism)

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8
Q

Where does Cortisol come from and what does it effect?

A

Origin: Adrenal gland cortex
Effect: Liver (high blood glucose)
Kidney
Digestion (low activity)

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9
Q

Which hormone effects bone and liver growth?

A

Growth hormone

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10
Q

Which hormone causes milk production in mammary glands?

A

Prolactin

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11
Q

Which organs does FSH and LH effect?

A

Ovaries and testes

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12
Q

What causes growing/maintenance of uterus and development of the mammary glands?

A

Estrogen and progesterone

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13
Q

What hormone effects then testes?

A

Testosterone

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14
Q

Whats the process of Oxytocin?

A

Oxytocin-Posterior-Mammary/Uterus/Brain

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15
Q

Whats the process of Antidiuretic hormone?

A

ADH-Posterior-Kidneys

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16
Q

Whats the process of Gonadotropic RH? (from Hyp)

A

Hyp-GnRH-Anterior-FSH,LH-Ovaries/Testes-Estrogen/Progesterone/Testosterone-Uterus/Mammary

17
Q

Whats the process of Thyroid Stimulating HRH? (from Hyp)

A

Hyp-TSHRH-Thyroid-T3/T4/Calcitonin-Heart-Liver-Bones

18
Q

What does Calcitonin effect?

A

Bones (stops osteblasts)

19
Q

Whats the process of Prolactin RH? (from Hyp)

A

Hyp-PRH-Anterior-Prolactin-Mammary gland

20
Q

Whats the process of Growth RH? (from Hyp)

A

Hyp-GRH-Anterior-GH-Bone/Liver

21
Q

Whats the process of Adrenocorticotropic RH? (from Hyp)

A

Hyp-ACTHRH-Anterior-ACTH-Adrenal Gland (cortex)-Cortisol-Kidney/Liver/Digestion

22
Q

What hormones does the Adrenal Gland Medulla produce?

A

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

23
Q

Which hormone effects the brain for sleep and mood (gland)

A

Melatonin, Pineal Gland

24
Q

Which hormone effects only the immune system? (gland)

A

Thymosin, Thymus

25
Q

Which hormones are secreted by the Pancreas

A

Insulin and Glucagon

26
Q

Explain how Insulin and Glucagon have opposite effects

A

Insulin lowers blood glucose
Glucagon increases blood glucose

27
Q

Explain how Calcitonin and Parathyroid Hormone are opposites

A

Calcitonin lowers Ca levels (osteoblast stops breaking)
Parathyroid hormone increases Ca levels (osteoblasts break)

28
Q

What are the effects of Aldosterone?

A

Effects Kidneys, increase Na retention and H2O, K excretion

29
Q

What are the effects of Epine and Norepine?

A

Liver increase blood glucose
Heart increase rate

30
Q

What are the 3 phases of the stress response?

A

Alarm phase
Resistance phase
Exhaustion phase

31
Q

Explain the Alarm phase

A

Fight or flight response, the hypothalamus stimulates the release of Epinephrine and Norepinephrine from the Adrenal Medulla, body gets ready for physical activity

32
Q

Explain the Resistance phase

A

Reinforce the short term stress, hypothalamus stimulates anterior pituitary to release hormones (cortisol), causes high blood pressure, glucose

33
Q

Explain the Exhaustion phase

A

When the response is going on for a long time Cortisol uses up body resources, health problems, no energy storage, muscle loss, high blood pressure

34
Q

What are Prostaglandins?

A

They aren’t hormones, produced from fatty acids, regulates blood pressure, nerve transmissions

Biology 1209 (3 decks)

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