Endocrine System Flashcards
Give examples of exocrine glands
Salivary glands, sweat glands, pancreas
What hormones are released through the posterior pituitary gland?
Oxytocin and ADH (Antidiuretic hormone)
What glands does Oxytocin effect?
Mammary glands (milk letdown)
Uterus (contractions)
Brain (social)
What glands does Antidiuretic hormone effect?
Kidneys (high water absorption/ retention)
List the 5 releasing hormones
Gonadotropic RH (GnRH)
Thyroid Stimulating HRH (TSHRH)
Prolactin RH (PRH)
Growth RH (GRH)
Adrenocorticotropic HRH (ACTHRH)
Where is Follicle Stimulating Hormone and Luteinizing Hormone released from?
Gonadotropic RH, then through the Anterior Pituitary
What does T3 (Thyroxine) and T4 (Thyroid Hormone) effect?
Heart (high heart rate)
Liver (controls metabolism)
Where does Cortisol come from and what does it effect?
Origin: Adrenal gland cortex
Effect: Liver (high blood glucose)
Kidney
Digestion (low activity)
Which hormone effects bone and liver growth?
Growth hormone
Which hormone causes milk production in mammary glands?
Prolactin
Which organs does FSH and LH effect?
Ovaries and testes
What causes growing/maintenance of uterus and development of the mammary glands?
Estrogen and progesterone
What hormone effects then testes?
Testosterone
Whats the process of Oxytocin?
Oxytocin-Posterior-Mammary/Uterus/Brain
Whats the process of Antidiuretic hormone?
ADH-Posterior-Kidneys
Whats the process of Gonadotropic RH? (from Hyp)
Hyp-GnRH-Anterior-FSH,LH-Ovaries/Testes-Estrogen/Progesterone/Testosterone-Uterus/Mammary
Whats the process of Thyroid Stimulating HRH? (from Hyp)
Hyp-TSHRH-Thyroid-T3/T4/Calcitonin-Heart-Liver-Bones
What does Calcitonin effect?
Bones (stops osteblasts)
Whats the process of Prolactin RH? (from Hyp)
Hyp-PRH-Anterior-Prolactin-Mammary gland
Whats the process of Growth RH? (from Hyp)
Hyp-GRH-Anterior-GH-Bone/Liver
Whats the process of Adrenocorticotropic RH? (from Hyp)
Hyp-ACTHRH-Anterior-ACTH-Adrenal Gland (cortex)-Cortisol-Kidney/Liver/Digestion
What hormones does the Adrenal Gland Medulla produce?
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
Which hormone effects the brain for sleep and mood (gland)
Melatonin, Pineal Gland
Which hormone effects only the immune system? (gland)
Thymosin, Thymus
Which hormones are secreted by the Pancreas
Insulin and Glucagon
Explain how Insulin and Glucagon have opposite effects
Insulin lowers blood glucose
Glucagon increases blood glucose
Explain how Calcitonin and Parathyroid Hormone are opposites
Calcitonin lowers Ca levels (osteoblast stops breaking)
Parathyroid hormone increases Ca levels (osteoblasts break)
What are the effects of Aldosterone?
Effects Kidneys, increase Na retention and H2O, K excretion
What are the effects of Epine and Norepine?
Liver increase blood glucose
Heart increase rate
What are the 3 phases of the stress response?
Alarm phase
Resistance phase
Exhaustion phase
Explain the Alarm phase
Fight or flight response, the hypothalamus stimulates the release of Epinephrine and Norepinephrine from the Adrenal Medulla, body gets ready for physical activity
Explain the Resistance phase
Reinforce the short term stress, hypothalamus stimulates anterior pituitary to release hormones (cortisol), causes high blood pressure, glucose
Explain the Exhaustion phase
When the response is going on for a long time Cortisol uses up body resources, health problems, no energy storage, muscle loss, high blood pressure
What are Prostaglandins?
They aren’t hormones, produced from fatty acids, regulates blood pressure, nerve transmissions
