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11 Biology > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

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1
Q

What percentage of the air we breathe is comprised of oxygen?

A

About 21%

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2
Q

How much does oxygen consumption increase by during excercise?

A

About 20 times

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3
Q

What are the 2 functions of the respiratory system?

A
  1. To Bring oxygen to the blood, so that mitochondria can turn glucose into energy (ATP)
  2. To remove the carbon dioxide from the blood, of which is created when mitochondria turn glucose into energy
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4
Q

Air moves from ______ pressure to _______ pressure

A

High to low

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5
Q

Movement of air into lungs depends on what?

A

The difference in air pressure

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6
Q

What are the two mechanisms of breathing?

A
  1. Inspiration
  2. Expiration
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7
Q

Explain inspiration

A

We breathe in, our diaphragm contracts, causing an increase in volume of our chest cavity

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8
Q

Explain expiration

A

We breathe out, our diaphragm relaxes, causing a decrease in the volume of our chest cavity

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9
Q

What are the four stages of breathing?

A
  1. Breathing
  2. External respiration
  3. Internal respiration
  4. Cellular respiration
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10
Q

What occurs in the breathing stage of breathing?

A

Inspiration and expiration

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11
Q

Explain external respiration

A

It is the stage of breathing in which CO2 is removed from blood, and oxygen is added. Occurs between lungs and blood

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12
Q

Explain internal respiration

A

It is the stage of breathing in which CO2 is removed from cells, and oxygen is delivered. Occurs between blood and tissues/cells.

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13
Q

Explain cellular respiration

A

It is the stage of breathing in which cells use oxygen and glucose to generate energy (ATP). Occurs in the mitochondria (they BLOW STUFF UP!!!).

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14
Q

What are the two main zones of the respiratory system structure?

A
  1. Conductive zone
  2. Respiratory zone
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15
Q

What is the conductive zone?

A

It is the big picture level, in which air is transported from the atmosphere to lungs. In the conductive zone air is warmed and humidified, as well as filtered through mucous and hair which trap foreign particles.

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16
Q

What parts make up the conductive zone?

A

Mouth, nose, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, brochioles

17
Q

What is the respiratory zone?

A

It is the microscopic level, in which gas exchange occurs between the alveoli and capillaries. The alveoli allow for diffusion (aka gas exchange).

18
Q

What parts make up the respiratory zone?

A

Bronchioles, alveoli

19
Q

Explain the path of oxygen

A
  1. Air enters body through nose and mouth
  2. Travels to back of throat (pharynx)
  3. The trachea brings air down to the lungs
  4. From there it travels to bronchi, bronchioles, and then alveoli
  5. At the alveoli, gas exchange occurs
    -> Blood with CO2 is returned, and oxygenated
    blood is picked up
  6. That oxygenated blood travels back through the heart
  7. From there it is pumped through the rest of the body
  8. Red blood cells carrying CO2 back to the heart
  9. CO2 is returned and expelled fro body
  10. Repeat process
20
Q

What is the purpose of the nose and mouth?

A

The nose and mouth are where flows in and out. In addition, mucous and hairs help filter out foreign particles. The air begins to be warmed and humidified here.

21
Q

What is the purpose of the pharynx?

A

It carries air down from the nose and mouth to the trachea.

22
Q

What is the purpose of the trachea?

A

The trachea is the windpipe that carries air to the lungs.

23
Q

How many lobes are there in the lungs? How many right and how many left?

A

There are 5 total lobes. The right lung has three lobes and the left lung has two lobes, in order to accomodate the heart.

24
Q

What is the pleural membrane>

A

The membrane that surrounds the outer surface from the lung and lines the thoracic cavity.

25
Q

What is the purpose of lungs?

A

The lung is the larger structure that entails the bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli. The alveoli perform gas exchange essential for our survival.

26
Q

What is the purpose of the bronchi and brochioles?

A

To carry air down to the alveoli.

27
Q

What is the purpose of the alveoli?

A

To perform gas exchange with the capillaries, effectively oxygenating blood and removing CO2.

28
Q

What is hemoglobin?

A

Protein in red blood cells that can carry O2 from longs to body

29
Q

3 Important muscles in breathing

A

Diaphragm = Primary muscle in breathing, located under the lungs, goes down and up
External intercostal muscles = Raises the ribcage, decreases pressure in the chest cavity
Internal intercostal muscles = Pulls the ribcage downward, increases pressure

11 Biology (4 decks)

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