Circulatory System Flashcards
What pathway does cardiac circulation use?
A pathway circulating around the heart
What pathway does pulmonary circulation use?
From heart, to lungs, back to heart
What pathway does systemic circulation use?
From heart, to body/cell, and back to heart
What is the purpose of the ventricles?
To take blood from the atria and pump it to the lungs and body
What is the purpose of the atria?
To receive blood entering the heart, from the lungs or body
Explain the pathway of blood through the heart
- Deoxygenated blood enters through vena cava
- Blood flows into the right atrium
- Through the tricuspid valve, they enter right ventricle
- Blood is pumped though pulmonary valve to the pulmonary artery
- Artery carries blood to lungs
- Blood gets reoxygenated and returns through pulmonary veins
- It enters the left atrium
- Falls through bicuspid valve to left ventricle
- Pumps out aortic valve to aorta
What is the septum
A large muscle that separates the left and right heart, preventing any tearage
What are semilunar valves?
Aortic and pulmonary valves
What are atrioventricular valves?
Valves that separate the atrium from ventricles (right side=tricuspid, left side=bicuspid)
What is the aorta
The main artery in the body, it is the first artery out of the heart
What are the pulmonary veins?
Veins that carry oxygenated blood from lungs to the left atrium
What is the pulmonary artery?
The artery that carries blood from right ventricle to lungs, for oxygantion
What is the vena cava?
Large veins that carry deoxgenated blood into the heart
What are the four chambers of the heart?
Right and left atria, right and left ventricles
What are the three layers of the heart?
- Outer layer (pericardium)
- Middle layer (mycardium, thickest muscle)
- Inner layer (endocardium)
Explain the details of capillaries
- Very narrow, only allows for one blood cell to pass at a time
- Thinest walls, to allow for things to pass through
- Can open and close sections dependent on need
- Fluid exchange
- Gas exchange
Explain the details of the veins
- Smaller veins are called venules
- Largest diameter of blood vessels
- Returns blood to heart
- Thinner walls thhan arteries
- Less smooth walls than arteries
- One way blood flow controlled valves
Explain the details of arteries
- Small arteries are called arterioles
- Narrow internal diameter
- Carry blood away from the heart
- Made of elastic and smooth muscle
- High internal pressure (just pumped out)
- Facilitate blood flow through vasocontriction and vasodilation
-> Vasoconstriction speedens blood
flow- > Vasodilation slows blood flow
- Maintains blood pressure and pulse
Name the three types of blood vessels
- Arteries (smaller arteries are called arterioles)
- Capillaries
- Veins (smaller veins are called arterioles)
Name the three types of circulation
- Systemic
- Pulmonary
- Cardiac
Explain the pathway of blood, starting in the heart
Heart, Artery, Arteriole, Capillary, Venule, Vein, Repeat
Explain the closed circulatory system
Pumps circulating fluid through tubes. Nutrients diffuse from blood cell to tissue. All vertebrates use this.
Explain the open circulatory system
Pumps circulating fluid through an interconnected system of body cavities. Most of these organisms don’t have lungs, and are invertebrates.
What are the two types of circulatory systems? What is the difference?
Open and closed. Open pumps through body cavities, closed pumps through tubes
What are the three main components of the circulatory system?
Heart, Blood, Blood vessels
What are the four main functions of the circulatory system?
- Transport gasses (from respiratory system), and nutrients & water molecules (from the digestive system)
- Regulate internal temperature
- Transport hormones
- Protect against disease causing microbes (bacteria)
