respiratory system Flashcards
why do we have a respiratory system
provides an interface that overcomes the limitations of diffusion distance
main functions of the respiratory system
gas exchange, control of acidity in the body, filtering of inhaled air, vocalisation
what are two problems with respiration
dehydration, it must take place in moist conditions. air movement requires a pump
how many lobes are there total in the lungs?
5
how many lobes are there in the right and left lung
right - 3
left - 2
what are the functions of the pleural sac
to reduce friction from movement and to fix lungs in place
what muscles turn the chest into a pump
diaphragm, intercostals, abdominals,
what are some features of the nasal cavity
3 turbinates - bony dividers that increase SA
high blood supply - to warm and humidify the air
small hairs and mucus to trap particles
what are the areas of the lower respiratory tract?
Trachea - conductive zone / ‘dead space’
bronchial tree - 23 divisions 100m2
alveoli - gas exchange
types of cell in the airways?
cilia, alveoli have squamous epithelial cells and Type 1,2,3 cells
describe functions of type 1,2,3 cells
Type 1 - gas exchange
Type 2 - release ofactin
Type 3 - alveolar macrophages
what types of lung volume are found on a spirometry trace
Tidal - normal breathing
Reserve - the amount of additional air
Vital - maximal respiratory effort
Residual Volume - left after maximal expiration
what is the dead space in the lungs
where gas exchange doesn’t take place - it is a fixed volume of 150ml
