Respiratory system Flashcards
ventilation
air exchange between atmosphere and alveoli
external respiration
gas exchange between alveoli and lung capillaries
gas transport
movement of gases through pulmonary and systemic circulations
-to or from tissue cells
Internal respiration
gas exchange between tissue capillaries and tissue cells
cellular respiration
gases used and produced in cellular metabolic reactions
inspiration
moving from atmospheric into alveoli (low pressure)
expiration
moving from alveoli to atmospheric
Air flow (F) is equal to what ?
proportional to pressure difference (delta P) between two points and inversely proportional to resistance (R)
F= Palv - Patm/ R
Palv= alveolar pressure
Patm= atmospheric pressure
R= resistance
pressure at sea level
760 mmHg = 1 atmosphere
boyles law
in a closed system, at constant temperature, pressure of a gas (P) and volume of its container (V) are inversely proportional
- *-increase volume decrease pressure**
- *-decrease volume increase pressure**
during ventilation
- volume changes leads to pressure changes (create pressure gradient) and leads to air flow
- continues until pressures are equilibrated between areas (no pressure gradient
hyperbaric environment
increased pressure environment
transmural pressure
“across a wall”
pressure inside (P in) minus pressure outside (P out) a structure
pleural surfaces seperated by?
extremely thin layer of intrapleural fluid in pleural cavity
intrapleural fluid
lubricates layers, can slide over each other during breathing
-intrapleural fluid exerts hydrostatic pressure : intrapleural pressure (P ip)