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kin 132 > Respiratory system > Flashcards

Respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

ventilation

A

air exchange between atmosphere and alveoli

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2
Q

external respiration

A

gas exchange between alveoli and lung capillaries

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3
Q

gas transport

A

movement of gases through pulmonary and systemic circulations
-to or from tissue cells

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4
Q

Internal respiration

A

gas exchange between tissue capillaries and tissue cells

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5
Q

cellular respiration

A

gases used and produced in cellular metabolic reactions

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6
Q

inspiration

A

moving from atmospheric into alveoli (low pressure)

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7
Q

expiration

A

moving from alveoli to atmospheric

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8
Q

Air flow (F) is equal to what ?

A

proportional to pressure difference (delta P) between two points and inversely proportional to resistance (R)

F= Palv - Patm/ R

Palv= alveolar pressure

Patm= atmospheric pressure

R= resistance

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9
Q

pressure at sea level

A

760 mmHg = 1 atmosphere

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10
Q

boyles law

A

in a closed system, at constant temperature, pressure of a gas (P) and volume of its container (V) are inversely proportional

  • *-increase volume decrease pressure**
  • *-decrease volume increase pressure**
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11
Q

during ventilation

A
  • volume changes leads to pressure changes (create pressure gradient) and leads to air flow
  • continues until pressures are equilibrated between areas (no pressure gradient
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12
Q

hyperbaric environment

A

increased pressure environment

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13
Q

transmural pressure

A

“across a wall”

pressure inside (P in) minus pressure outside (P out) a structure

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14
Q

pleural surfaces seperated by?

A

extremely thin layer of intrapleural fluid in pleural cavity

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15
Q

intrapleural fluid

A

lubricates layers, can slide over each other during breathing

-intrapleural fluid exerts hydrostatic pressure : intrapleural pressure (P ip)

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16
Q

intrapleural space

A

subatmospheric , always less than atmospheric keeps lungs from collapsing

17
Q

transpulmonary pressure (P tp)

A

(lung wall/intrapleural fluid)

value at rest : 4

-opposes inward elastic recoil of lung

18
Q

chest wall pressure (P cw)

A

(between intrapleural fluid and atmospheric pressure P atm)

value at rest = -4

-opposes outward elastic recoil of chest wall

19
Q

normal quiet breathing (inspiration)

A

75% diaphragm

25 % external intercostals

20
Q

more forceful breathing (inspiration)

A
  • diaphragm contracts stronger, more flattening
  • external intercostals contract stronger
  • recruit accessory muscles of inspiration (scalenes, SCM, Pec minor)
  • thoracic cavity gets bigger
21
Q

normal quiet breathing (expiration)

A

elastic recoil of diaphragm and external intercostals

22
Q

more forceful breathing

A
  • elastic recoil of diaphragm and external intercostals
  • recruit accessory muscles of expiration (internal intercostals, abdominal muscles)
23
Q

pressure during expiration

A

alveolar pressure becomes greater than atmospheric pressure, leading to air flowing out of lungs

24
Q

Where is basic breathing rhythm set in

A

Medulla Oblongata

25
Q

Pre Botzinger complex

A

pacemaker, sends signal to Dorsal Respiratory group

26
Q

Dorsal respiratory group (DRG)

A

Carries inspiratory neurons (active/inactive)

Controls basic breathing cycle for normal, quiet breathing

-gets infleunce from periphery (inputs) that help control and modify breathing

27
Q

What drugs supress DRG inspiratory neurons

A

Morphine, Barbiturates, fentanyl and heroin. leads to overdose due to breathing stoppage

28
Q

describe dorsal respiratory group when active and also inactive

A

ACTIVE

  • 2 seconds
  • diaphragm contracts and external intercostals contract during most active phase
  • leads to quiet inhalation

INACTIVE

  • 3 seconds
  • diaphragm relaxes, external intercostals become less active and relax, followed by elastic recoil of lungs
  • leads to normal quiet exhalation (not from DRG)
29
Q

Ventral respiratory Group (VRG)

A
  • inspiratory and expiratory neurons recruited by DRG when need more than normal, quiet breathing
  • activate muscles of breathing for more forceful breathes

forceful Inhalation neurons -→ activate accesory muscles of inhalation; scalenes, SCM, and pec minor contract. Along with DRG functions of diaphagram and external intercostals contracting leads to forceful inhalation

forceful exhalation neurons -→ recuit accesory muscles of exhalation : internal intercostals, external oblique, internal oblique, transversus abdominus and rectus abdominis contract. leads to forceful exhalation

kin 132 (13 decks)

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