Respiratory System

Question 1

Primary functions

Answer 1

• To provide oxygen to body tissues for cellular respiration
• Remove the waste product carbon dioxide
• Help to maintain acid-base balance

Question 2

Secondary functions

Answer 2

• Sensing odors
• Speech production
• Straining (during childbirth or coughing)

Question 3

Conducting Zone

Answer 3

The conducting zone consists of all of the structures that provide passageways for air to travel into and out of the lungs:
the nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, and most bronchioles.

Question 4

Respiratory Zone

Answer 4

The respiratory zone is found deep inside the lungs and is made up of the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli.
These thin-walled structures allow inhaled oxygen to diffuse into the lung capillaries in exchange for carbon dioxide.

Question 5

Nose

Answer 5

the part projecting above the mouth on the face of a person or animal, containing the nostrils and used for breathing and smelling.

Question 6

Pharynx

Answer 6

the membrane-lined cavity behind the nose and mouth, connecting them to the esophagus.

Question 7

Larynx

Answer 7

the hollow muscular organ forming an air passage to the lungs and holding the vocal cords in humans and other mammals; the voice box.

Question 8

Trachea

Answer 8

a large membranous tube reinforced by rings of cartilage, extending from the larynx to the bronchial tubes and conveying air to and from the lungs; the windpipe.

Question 9

Alveolar duct

Answer 9

Alveolar ducts are tiny ducts that connect the respiratory bronchioles to alveolar sacs, each of which contains a collection of alveoli. They are tiny end ducts of the branching airways that fill the lungs.

Question 10

Alveolus

Answer 10

Any of the many tiny air sacs of the lungs which allow for rapid gaseous exchange.

Question 11

Alveolar sac

Answer 11

Tiny air sacs at the end of the bronchioles.

Question 12

Boyle’s Law (formula)

Answer 12

P_{1}V_{1}=P_{2}V_{2}

Question 13

Boyle’s Law (text explanation)

Answer 13

The pressure (p) of a given quantity of gas varies inversely with its volume (v) at constant temperature; i.e., in equation form, pv = k, a constant.

Question 14

Inspiration

Answer 14

Process of taking air into the lungs. It is the active phase of ventilation because it is the result of muscle contraction.

Question 15

Expiration

Answer 15

Process of letting air out of the lungs during the breathing cycle. During expiration, the relaxation of the diaphragm and elastic recoil of tissue decreases the thoracic volume and increases the interalveolar pressure. Expiration pushes air out of the lungs.

Question 16

Medulla Oblongata

Answer 16

Region of the brain stem that controls vital organs, such as your heart beat, your lungs breathing, your stomach digesting, etc…

Question 17

Eupnea

Answer 17

Normal breathing (As opposed to irregular breathing).

Question 18

Diaphragmatic breathing

Answer 18

Diaphragmatic breathing, or “belly breathing,” involves fully engaging the stomach, abdominal muscles, and diaphragm when breathing. This means actively pulling the diaphragm down with each inward breath. In this way, diaphragmatic breathing helps the lungs fill more efficiently.

Question 19

Hyperpnea

Answer 19

Abnormally rapid or deep breathing (as opposed to normal breathing).

Question 20

Diaphragm

Answer 20

The diaphragm, located below the lungs, is the major muscle of respiration. It is a large, dome-shaped muscle that contracts rhythmically and continually, and most of the time, involuntarily. Upon inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and flattens and the chest cavity enlarges.

Question 21

Atelectasis

Answer 21

A complete or partial collapse of the entire lung or area (lobe) of the lung. It occurs when the tiny air sacs (alveoli) within the lung become deflated or possibly filled with alveolar fluid.

Question 22

Pneumonia

Answer 22

An infection that inflames your lungs’ air sacs (alveoli). The air sacs may fill up with fluid or pus, causing symptoms such as a cough, fever, chills and trouble breathing.

Question 23

Asthma

Answer 23

A condition in which your airways narrow and swell and may produce extra mucus. This can make breathing difficult and trigger coughing, a whistling sound (wheezing) when you breathe out and shortness of breath.

Question 24

Emphysema

Answer 24

A condition in which the air sacs of the lungs are damaged and enlarged, causing breathlessness.

Question 25

Chronic Bronchitis

Answer 25

A long-term inflammation of the bronchi. It is common among smokers. People with chronic bronchitis tend to get lung infections more easily.

Question 26

Pneumothorax

Answer 26

A condition where air is around or outside the lung. It may result from chest trauma, excess pressure on the lungs or a lung disease, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, cystic fibrosis, tuberculosis or whooping cough.

Question 27

Tuberculosis

Answer 27

A potentially serious infectious disease that mainly affects the lungs. The bacteria that cause tuberculosis are spread from person to person through tiny droplets released into the air via coughs and sneezes.