Integumentary System Flashcards
Hair
A slender threadlike outgrowth of the epidermis of an animal especially.
Hair Follicle
A small anatomical cavity or deep narrow-mouthed depression.
Hair Shaft
The nongrowing portion of a hair that protrudes from the skin, that is, from the follicle.
Hair Root
The part of a hair that is embedded in the hair follicle.
Nail Free Edge
The part of a nail that extends past the flesh of the finger or toe.
Lunula
The whitish mark at the base of a fingernail.
Cuticle
The thickened layer of skin surrounding fingernails and toenails.
Nail Root
The hidden part of the nail unit where growth takes place.
Pores
The small openings in the skin in which oil and sweat reach the surface from their respective glands below.
Eccrine Sweat Glands
A type of simple sweat gland that is found in almost all regions of the skin.
Apocrine Sweat Glands
A type of gland that is found in the skin, breast, eyelid, and ear.
Integumentary System
The bodily system consisting of the skin and its associated structures, such as the hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands.
Function’s of the Integumentary System
- Body temperature regulation
- Cell fluid maintenance
- Synthesis of Vitamin D
- Detection of stimuli
Skin
The thin layer of tissue forming the natural outer covering of the body of a person or animal.
Epidermis
The thin, outer layer of the skin that is visible to the eye and works to provide protection for the body.
Dermis
The thick layer of living tissue below the epidermis which forms the true skin, containing blood capillaries, nerve endings, sweat glands, hair follicles, and other structures.
Hypodermis
The hypodermis is the layer of tissue that underlies the skin. Deepest layer.
AKA Superficial Fascia, Subcutaneous Tissue.
Keratin
A protective protein, less prone to scratching or tearing than other types of cells your body produces and is the type of protein that makes up your hair, skin, and nails.
Keratinocyte
Represents the major cell type of the epidermis, the outermost of the layers of the skin, making up about 90 percent of the cells there. They originate in the deepest layer of the epidermis and move up to the final barrier layer of the skin. Dead skin.
Stratum basale
Stratum basale is the deepest layer, separated from the dermis by the basement membrane and attached to the basement membrane by hemidesmosomes, multiprotein complexes that facilitate the stable adhesion of basal epithelial cells to the underlying basement membrane. Home to melanocytes that produce melanin (the pigment RESPONSIBLE FOR SKIN COLOR).
An example is like a balloon raising from the factory it was created and being raised to the sky until it his the atmosphere and pops. This is the DYE the balloon uses in said factory
CREATES MELANIN TO COLOR THE CELLS THAT WILL BE PRODUCED IN THE STRATUM SPINOSUM (second deepest layer).
AKA Stratum germinativum
Stratum spinosum
The main function is to PRODUCE SKIN CELLS and is partly responsible for the skin’s strength and flexibility. From there the keratinocytes move into the next layer, called the stratum granulosum. This layer also contains many granules, a small compact particle of a substance, which essentially anchor the cells to each other, and contain thick tufts of keratin.
An example is like a balloon raising from the factory it was created and being raised to the sky until it his the atmosphere. The stratum spinosum is the FACTORY.
CREATES SKIN CELLS USING THE STRATUM BASALE (deepest layer) BELOW IT TO PIGMENT THE CELLS.
AKA Prickle cell layer
Stratum granulosum
A layer of granular nondividing cells lying immediately above the stratum basale in most parts of the epidermis.
The function of this layer is to accumulate dense basophilic keratohyalin granules. These granules contain lipids, which along with the desmosomal connections, help to form a WATERPROOF BARRIER that functions to PREVENT FLUID LOSS from the body.
ESSENTIALLY A FILTER FOR THE SKIN CELLS TO MOVE THROUGH THAT WATER CELLS CANNOT MOVE THROUGH.
Stratum lucidum
Thin somewhat translucent layer of cells lying superficial to the stratum granulosum and under the stratum corneum especially in thickened parts of the epidermis. to protect the skin in areas most common to damage, such as the palms of the hands, the side of the fingers attached to the palms, and the bottoms of the feet. It is an extra layer of skin found only in these locations.
ESSENTIALLY A SPECIAL LAYER THAT HARDENS SKIN CELLS TO CREATE HARDER PARTS OF THE SKIN. ONLY FOUND IN PLACES LIKE HANDS AND FEET. ONLY FOUND IN SPECIFIC PLACES OF THE HANDS AND FEET ETC
Stratum corneum
The stratum corneum is the outermost layer of the epidermis and marks the final stage of keratinocyte maturation and development. Keratinocytes at the basal layer of the epidermis are proliferative, and as the cells mature up the epidermis, they slowly lose proliferative potential and undergo programmed destruction.
ESSENTIALLY THE LAYER THAT TELLS THE CELLS TO DIE SO IT CAN BE USED AS A PROTECTIVE LAYER.
5 Layers of epidermis (superficial to deep)
CLGSB
Stratum corneum is the 1st layer of the skin, it acts as a kill switch for your skin as the cells do not need to be alive anymore (kinda messed up ngl). The dead cells rise above this layer and form your skin.
Stratum lucidum is the “2nd” layer and is what makes the pads of your hands and the bottoms of our feet hard. It enables us to move around and grab objects without being in pain.
Stratum granulosum is the 3rd layer and is what makes our skin waterproof, not allowing most liquids to soak through our skin… or out.
Stratum spinosum is the 4th layer, it is what makes the cells undergo mitosis, cloning the cells and sending them towards the top.
Stratum basale is the bottom most layer, it is attached to the stratum spinosum with hemidesmosomes, it produces melatonin (skin color), basically dyes the cells before they start to rise.
Thick Skin
Skin exclusive to the stratum lucidum.
Thin Skin
Skin that covers the rest of your body that does not need to be rough.
Appreciation Flashcard
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQw4w9WgXcQ&skip_registered_account_check=true
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Form of skin cancer, forms in the deepest layer of the epidermis. A type of cell within the skin that produces new skin cells as old ones die off.
Treatment:
Basal cell carcinoma is most often treated with surgery to remove all of the cancer and some of the healthy tissue around it.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Thin, flat cells that look scaly almost. Form of skin cancer.
Gotten by sun exposure.
Treatment: Excisional surgery. Mohs surgery. Cryosurgery. Curettage and electrodesiccation (electrosurgery) Laser surgery. Radiation. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) Topical medications.
Melanoma
A skin cancer that forms in melanocytes that make melanin. Causes discoloration of the skin.
Treatment: Surgery to remove affected lymph nodes. If melanoma has spread to nearby lymph nodes, your surgeon may remove the affected nodes. Immunotherapy. Targeted therapy. Radiation therapy. Chemotherapy.
First Degree Burn
Least serious, only effects the epidermis. Peeling, dry, swelling skin.
Treatment: Run cool water on it and let it heal.
Second Degree Burn
When a burn affects the first and second layer of the skin
Treatment: Run cool water on it and let it heal.
Fourth Degree Burn
Burn through both layers of skin and underlying tissue. Possibly involving bones or muscle tissue.
Treatment:
Raising the injured body part above the heart, if possible.
Covering the affected area with a loose bandage or cloth.
Placing a light sheet or blanket over them, especially if they appear cold from reduced blood pressure.
Flushing the area with water (for chemical burns only)
Stretch mark
A type of scar that occurs when the skin stretches or shrinks quickly.
Treatment: Deal with it
Callus and Corns
Painful, Thickened skin on the hands and feet.
Treatment: Rub warm, soapy water on them.
Eczema
Eczema damages the skin barrier function (the “glue” of your skin). This loss of barrier function makes your skin more sensitive and more prone to infection and dryness.
Symptoms:
Dry skin, itchy skin, red rashes, bumps on the skin, scaly, leathery patches of skin, crusting skin, and swelling.
Treatment:
Moisturize your skin at least twice a day.
Apply an anti-itch cream to the affected area.
Take an oral allergy or anti-itch medication.
Don’t scratch.
Apply bandages.
Take a warm bath.
Choose mild soaps without dyes or perfumes.
Acne
Acne is a skin condition that occurs when your hair follicles become plugged with oil and dead skin cells.
Treatment:
Cleanse gently twice daily.
Apply a gel or cream containing 5% benzoyl peroxide; an alternative is sulfur or resorcinol.
At night, apply a spot cream containing sulfur to the affected areas.
Use a light skin moisturizer and water-based makeup.
3rd Degree Burn
Third-degree burns destroy the epidermis and dermis. Third-degree burns may also damage the underlying bones, muscles, and tendons. The burn site appears white or charred. There is no sensation in the area since the nerve endings are destroyed.
Treatment:
Do not remove clothing stuck to the burn.
Do not soak the burned area in water.
Cover the burn with a cool clean cloth or bandage.
Keep the burn raise above the level of the heart.
Few cards short because
I put multiple in a few
