Respiratory System

Question 1

primary functions

Answer 1

• To provide oxygen to body tissues for cellular respiration
• Remove the waste product carbon dioxide
• Help to maintain acid-base balance

Question 2

secondary functions

Answer 2

• Sensing odors
• Speech production
• Straining (during childbirth or coughing)

Question 3

conducting zone

Answer 3

moves air in/out of the lungs

Question 4

respiratory zone

Answer 4

moves gases in/out of the blood

Question 5

nose

Answer 5

the major entrance and exit fro the respiratory system

Question 6

pharynx

Answer 6

the part of the throat situated immediately posterior to the mouth and nasal cavity, and superior to the esophagus and larynx

Question 7

larynx

Answer 7

the cartilaginous structure that connects the pharynx to the trachea and helps regulate the volume of air that enters and leaves the lungs. The larynx is also involved in sound production and protecting the trachea against food aspiration.

Question 8

trachea

Answer 8

a tube that connects the pharynx or larynx to the lungs, allowing the passage of air.

Question 9

alveolar duct

Answer 9

a tube composed of smooth muscle and connective tissue, which opens into a cluster of alveoli.

Question 10

alveolus

Answer 10

one of the many small, grape-like sacs that are attached to the alveolar ducts.

Question 11

alveolar sac

Answer 11

a cluster of many individual alveoli that are responsible for gas exchange.

Question 12

boyle’s Law (formula)

Answer 12

P1V1 = P2V2

Question 13

boyle’s Law (text explanation)

Answer 13

pressure and volume are inversely related

Question 14

inspiration

Answer 14

• thoracic cavity expands

- external intercostal muscles contract

Question 15

expiration

Answer 15

• thoracic cavity reduces

- external intercostal muscles relax

Question 16

medulla oblongata

Answer 16

the control center that tells us to breathe

Question 17

eupnea

Answer 17

a mode of breathing that occurs at rest and does not require the cognitive thought of the individual

Question 18

diaphragmatic breathing

Answer 18

requires the diaphragm to contract. As the diaphragm relaxes, air passively leaves the lungs. A shallow breath, called costal breathing, requires contraction of the intercostal muscles. As the intercostal muscles relax, air passively leaves the lungs.

Question 19

hyperpnea

Answer 19

a mode of breathing that can occur during exercise or actions that require the active manipulation of breathing, such as singing

Question 20

diaphragm

Answer 20

main breathing muscle

Question 21

atelectasis

Answer 21

A condition in which the air sacs of the lungs are either partially or totally collapsed

Question 22

pneumonia

Answer 22

a lung infection that can be caused by either viruses, fungi, protists, or bacteria

Question 23

asthma

Answer 23

a potentially life-threatening lung condition in which the body reacts to an allergy by causing constriction of the airways of the lungs, known as bronchospasm

Question 24

emphysema

Answer 24

a nonreversible lung condition in which the alveolar air sacs are destroyed and the lung itself becomes “floppy”, much like a balloon that has been inflated and deflated too many times

Question 25

chronic bronchitis

Answer 25

a lung disease in which there are inflamed airways and large amounts of sputum are being produced

Question 26

pneumothorax

Answer 26

a condition in which there is air inside the thoracic cavity and outside the lungs, often in the pleural cavity

Question 27

tuberculosis

Answer 27

a bacterial infection that thrives in areas of the body that have high oxygen content such as the lung