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MID - Anatomy > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Passageway connecting the nasal cavity to the larynx and oral cavity:

  • Trachea
  • Bronchial tree
  • Esophagus
  • Pharynx
  • None of the choices
A

Pharynx

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2
Q

The opening of which is closed by epiglottis or vocal folds:

  • Pharynx
  • Larynx
  • Trachea
A

Larynx

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3
Q

Not true of the pharynx:

  • Has three subdivisions.
  • Passageway for air and food.
  • Houses the tonsils.
  • None of the choices
A

None of the choices

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4
Q

True of the trachea:

  • Contains O-shaped cartilages that are complete posteriorly.
  • Consists of right and left main bronchi.
  • Air passageway only.
A

Air passageway only.

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5
Q

Main sites of gas exchange:

  • Pharynx
  • Larynx
  • Bronchioles
  • Trachea
  • None of the choices
A

None of the choices

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6
Q

Alveoli have:

  • Smooth muscle
  • Cartilage
  • Goblet cells
  • 1, 2, 3
  • None of the choices
A

None of the choices

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7
Q

Nose

  • Resonance chamber for speech.
  • Passageway for air.
  • Warms and humidifies inhaled air.
  • 1, 2
  • 1, 2, 3
A

1, 2, 3

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8
Q

NOT TRUE of the larynx:

  • Has nine cartilages.
  • Attached to the hyoid bone.
  • For voice production.
  • Houses the vocal cords.
  • None of the choices
A

None of the choices

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9
Q

The three single cartilages in the larynx include:

  • Epiglottis
  • Thyroid
  • Cricoid
  • 1, 2
  • 1, 2, 3
A

1, 2, 3

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10
Q

Volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal tidal volume expiration:

  • Total lung capacity
  • Functional residual capacity
  • Inspiratory capacity
  • Total lung capacity
A

Functional residual capacity

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11
Q

The amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forced exhalation:

  • Expiratory reserve volume
  • Residual volume
  • Tidal volume
  • Inspiratory reserve volume
  • Total lung capacity
A

Residual volume

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12
Q

The three paired cartilages in the larynx include:

  • Arytenoid
  • Corniculate
  • Cuneiform
  • 1, 2
  • 1, 2, 3
A

1, 2, 3

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13
Q

Not part of the respiratory tract:

  • Thyroid gland
  • Filtrum
  • Trachea
  • 1, 2
  • 1, 2, 3
A

1, 2

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14
Q

Respiratory zone structure/s:

  • Alveoli
  • Bronchiole
  • Trachea
  • Larynx
  • Terminal bronchiole
A

Alveoli

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15
Q

During inspiration:

  • Diaphragm contracts.
  • Intrapulmonary pressure drops to -1 mm Hg.
  • 1, 2
  • Neither of the choices
A

1, 2

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16
Q

During expiration:

  • The diaphragm relaxes and moves downward.
  • Intrapulmonary pressure drops to -1 mm Hg.
  • Air moves out of the lungs.
  • 1, 2
  • 1, 2, 3
A

Air moves out of the lungs.

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17
Q

Which muscles contract during inspiration?

  • Diaphragm
  • External intercostal muscles
  • Internal intercostals
  • 1, 2
  • 1, 2, 3
A

1, 2

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18
Q

During quiet breathing:

  • The dorsal respiratory group is involved.
  • The ventral respiratory group is involved.
  • 3,500 ml of air goes in and out of the lungs.
A

The dorsal respiratory group is involved.

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19
Q

Amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal volume exhalation:

  • Expiratory reserve volume
  • Residual volume
  • Tidal volume
  • Inspiratory reserve volume
  • Total lung capacity
A

Expiratory reserve volume

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20
Q

Total lung capacity includes:

  • Tidal volume
  • Inspiratory reserve volume
  • Expiratory reserve volume
  • Residual volume
  • All of the above
A

All of the above

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21
Q

Maximum amount of air contained in the lungs after a maximum inspiratory effort:

  • Expiratory reserve volume
  • Residual volume
  • Tidal volume
  • Inspiratory reserve volume
  • Total lung capacity
A

Total lung capacity

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22
Q

Maximum amount of air that can be expired after a maximum inspiratory effort:

  • Total lung capacity
  • Tidal volume
  • Residual volume
  • Expiratory reserve volume
  • None of the choices
A

None of the choices

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23
Q

Maximum amount of air that can be inspired after a tidal expiration:

  • Expiratory reserve volume
  • Residual volume
  • Tidal volume
  • Inspiratory reserve volume
  • None of the choices
A

None of the choices

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24
Q

Some carbon dioxide is converted to _____ in the blood:

  • Bicarbonate
  • Lactic acid
  • Water
  • None of the choices
A

Bicarbonate

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25
Q

Bicarbonate enters the red blood cells and becomes _____.

  • Lactic acid
  • Carbon dioxide
  • Water
  • None of the choices
A

Carbon dioxide

26
Q

During inspiration, the intrapleural pressure becomes:

  • More positive
  • More negative
A

More negative

27
Q

During inspiration, the intraalveolar pressure becomes:

  • +1
  • 0
  • -1
A

-1

28
Q

During expiration, the intrapleural pressure becomes:

  • More positive
  • More negative
  • Less positive
  • Less negative
A

Less negative

29
Q

During expiration, the intraalveolar pressure becomes:

  • +1
  • 0
  • -1
A

+1

30
Q

The apneustic center stimulates the:

  • DRG
  • VRG
A

DRG

31
Q

The effect of stimulation from the apneustic center will:

  • Increase respiratory rate.
  • Limit inspiration.
A

Increase respiratory rate.

32
Q

The peripheral chemoreceptors are:

  • Located in the carotid bodies and aortic bodies.
  • Sensitive to decreased levels of oxygen.
  • Sensitive to increased levels of carbon dioxide.
  • 1, 2
  • 1, 2, 3
A

1, 2, 3

33
Q

The central chemoreceptors located in the medulla are sensitive to:

  • High levels of PC02
  • Decreased levels of 02
A

High levels of PC02

34
Q

The cerebral cortex controls:

  • Involuntary breathing
  • Voluntary breathing
  • Both
  • Neither
A

Voluntary breathing

35
Q

Sends impulses to the external intercostal muscles and diaphragm for inspiration:

  • DRG
  • VRG
  • Both
  • Neither
A

DRG

36
Q

Limits the duration of inspiration and increases the respiratory rate:

  • Pneumotaxic center
  • Apneustic center
  • DRG
  • VRG
A

Pneumotaxic center

37
Q

Expiration results:

  • Stimulation of DRG
  • Stimulation of VRG
  • From elastic recoil of the lungs and thoracic cage.
  • 1, 3
  • 2, 3
A

From elastic recoil of the lungs and thoracic cage.

38
Q

The VRG becomes active when:

  • The respiratory drive for increased pulmonary ventilation becomes greater than normal.
  • The apneustic center becomes active.
  • The pneumotaxic center becomes active.
A

The respiratory drive for increased pulmonary ventilation becomes greater than normal.

39
Q

TRUE of the Hering-Breuer inflation reflex:

  • Activated when the lungs are overstretched.
  • Switches off the inspiratory ramp and thus stops further inspiration.
  • Chemoreceptors are involved.
  • 1, 2
  • 1, 2, 3
A

1, 2

40
Q

Responsible for the inspiratory ramp signals:

  • VRG
  • DRG
  • Pneumotaxic center
  • Apneustic center
A

DRG

41
Q

The apneustic center:

  • Stimulates the DRG.
  • Causes deeper inspiration.
  • Lowers the respiratory rate.
  • 1, 2
  • 1, 2, 3
A

1, 2, 3

42
Q

The pneumotaxic center:

  • Inhibits the apneustic center.
  • Increases respiratory rate.
  • Causes shallow respirations.
  • 1, 2
  • 1, 2, 3
A

1, 2, 3

43
Q

Gaseous exchange is through what process?

  • Active transport
  • Facilitated diffusion
  • Diffusion
  • Osmosis
A

Diffusion

44
Q

The volume of air that GOES IN AND OUT OF THE LUNGS DURING NORMAL QUIET BREATHING:

  • Tidal volume
  • Inspiratory capacity
  • Vital capacity
A

Tidal volume

45
Q

The MAXIMUM volume of air that one can inspire:

  • Tidal volume
  • Inspiratory reserve volume
  • Inspiratory capacity
  • Vital capacity
  • 2, 3
A

Inspiratory capacity

46
Q

The TOTAL VOLUME of air that the lungs can contain:

  • Vital capacity
  • Functional residual capacity
  • None of the above
A

None of the above

47
Q

Responsible for decreasing surface tension in the lung:

  • Proteins
  • Lipids
  • Surfactant
  • Carbohydrates
A

Surfactant

48
Q

Voluntary control of respiration is located at:

  • DRG
  • VRG
  • The cerebral cortex
  • Respiratory center at the medulla
  • Respiratory center at the pons
A

The cerebral cortex

49
Q

The three single cartilages in the larynx include:

  • Cuneiform
  • Thyroid
  • Arytenoid
  • Corniculate
A

Thyroid

50
Q

Which of the following is FALSE about the nose?

  • Filters, warms, and moistens incoming air
  • Resonance chamber for speech
  • Produces mucus
  • Facilitates exposure of immune system to inhaled antigens
A

Facilitates exposure of immune system to inhaled antigens

51
Q

Which of the following is TRUE of the pharynx?

  • Cleans, warms, and moistens incoming air
  • Resonance chamber for speech
  • Prevents passage of food
  • Facilitates exposure of immune system to inhaled antigens
A

Facilitates exposure of immune system to inhaled antigens

52
Q

Which of the following is TRUE of the alveoli?

  • Compartmentalizes the lungs
  • Facilitates exposure of immune system to inhaled antigens
  • Main site of gas exchange
  • None of the above
A

Main site of gas exchange

53
Q

Which of the following best describes the larynx?

  • Prevents entry of non-gaseous substances
  • Vibrations of cords facilitates voice production
  • Both
  • Neither
A

Both

54
Q

The part of the larynx that acts as a doorway into the lower respiratory tract.

  • Glottis
  • Epiglottis
  • Supraglottis
  • None of the above
A

Epiglottis

55
Q

Which of the following DOES NOT in your nose occur when you are exposed to cold air?

  • Cilia becomes stiff
  • Mucus accumulate in the nasal cavity
  • Mucus dribbles out of the nostrils
  • “Runny nose” during colder season
A

Cilia becomes stiff

56
Q

Which of the following is FALSE of the mucus in your nose?

  • Contains lysozyme which is antibacterial
  • Traps inspired dust, bacteria and other debris
  • A chemical and a mechanical defense mechanism
  • None of the above
A

None of the above

57
Q

Which of the following explains occurrence of epistaxis (nose bleed)?

  • Presence of a rich plexus of capillaries
  • Thin-walled veins underlies nasal epithelium
  • Vasodilation during cold season to intensify air-heating process
  • All of the above
A

All of the above

58
Q

Why is the presence of conchae within your nose important?

  • Enhances air turbulence in the cavity
  • Increases surface area within the cavity
  • Both
  • Neither
A

Both

59
Q

Which of the following best supports the occurrence of aspiration pneumonia?

  • Right main bronchus is wider and more vertical
  • Left main bronchus is shorter and more vertical
  • Both
  • Neither
A

Right main bronchus is wider and more vertical

60
Q

Maximum amount of air that can be expired after a maximum inspiratory effort:

  • Total lung capacity
  • Vital Capacity
  • Inspiratory capacity
  • Tidal Volume
A

Vital Capacity

61
Q

Alveoli have:

  • Smooth muscle
  • Cartilage
  • Goblet cells
  • Squamous epithelial cells
A

Squamous epithelial cells

MID - Anatomy (5 decks)

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