Respiratory System Flashcards
Passageway connecting the nasal cavity to the larynx and oral cavity:
- Trachea
- Bronchial tree
- Esophagus
- Pharynx
- None of the choices
Pharynx
The opening of which is closed by epiglottis or vocal folds:
- Pharynx
- Larynx
- Trachea
Larynx
Not true of the pharynx:
- Has three subdivisions.
- Passageway for air and food.
- Houses the tonsils.
- None of the choices
None of the choices
True of the trachea:
- Contains O-shaped cartilages that are complete posteriorly.
- Consists of right and left main bronchi.
- Air passageway only.
Air passageway only.
Main sites of gas exchange:
- Pharynx
- Larynx
- Bronchioles
- Trachea
- None of the choices
None of the choices
Alveoli have:
- Smooth muscle
- Cartilage
- Goblet cells
- 1, 2, 3
- None of the choices
None of the choices
Nose
- Resonance chamber for speech.
- Passageway for air.
- Warms and humidifies inhaled air.
- 1, 2
- 1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
NOT TRUE of the larynx:
- Has nine cartilages.
- Attached to the hyoid bone.
- For voice production.
- Houses the vocal cords.
- None of the choices
None of the choices
The three single cartilages in the larynx include:
- Epiglottis
- Thyroid
- Cricoid
- 1, 2
- 1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
Volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal tidal volume expiration:
- Total lung capacity
- Functional residual capacity
- Inspiratory capacity
- Total lung capacity
Functional residual capacity
The amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forced exhalation:
- Expiratory reserve volume
- Residual volume
- Tidal volume
- Inspiratory reserve volume
- Total lung capacity
Residual volume
The three paired cartilages in the larynx include:
- Arytenoid
- Corniculate
- Cuneiform
- 1, 2
- 1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
Not part of the respiratory tract:
- Thyroid gland
- Filtrum
- Trachea
- 1, 2
- 1, 2, 3
1, 2
Respiratory zone structure/s:
- Alveoli
- Bronchiole
- Trachea
- Larynx
- Terminal bronchiole
Alveoli
During inspiration:
- Diaphragm contracts.
- Intrapulmonary pressure drops to -1 mm Hg.
- 1, 2
- Neither of the choices
1, 2
During expiration:
- The diaphragm relaxes and moves downward.
- Intrapulmonary pressure drops to -1 mm Hg.
- Air moves out of the lungs.
- 1, 2
- 1, 2, 3
Air moves out of the lungs.
Which muscles contract during inspiration?
- Diaphragm
- External intercostal muscles
- Internal intercostals
- 1, 2
- 1, 2, 3
1, 2
During quiet breathing:
- The dorsal respiratory group is involved.
- The ventral respiratory group is involved.
- 3,500 ml of air goes in and out of the lungs.
The dorsal respiratory group is involved.
Amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal volume exhalation:
- Expiratory reserve volume
- Residual volume
- Tidal volume
- Inspiratory reserve volume
- Total lung capacity
Expiratory reserve volume
Total lung capacity includes:
- Tidal volume
- Inspiratory reserve volume
- Expiratory reserve volume
- Residual volume
- All of the above
All of the above
Maximum amount of air contained in the lungs after a maximum inspiratory effort:
- Expiratory reserve volume
- Residual volume
- Tidal volume
- Inspiratory reserve volume
- Total lung capacity
Total lung capacity
Maximum amount of air that can be expired after a maximum inspiratory effort:
- Total lung capacity
- Tidal volume
- Residual volume
- Expiratory reserve volume
- None of the choices
None of the choices
Maximum amount of air that can be inspired after a tidal expiration:
- Expiratory reserve volume
- Residual volume
- Tidal volume
- Inspiratory reserve volume
- None of the choices
None of the choices
Some carbon dioxide is converted to _____ in the blood:
- Bicarbonate
- Lactic acid
- Water
- None of the choices
Bicarbonate
Bicarbonate enters the red blood cells and becomes _____.
- Lactic acid
- Carbon dioxide
- Water
- None of the choices
Carbon dioxide
During inspiration, the intrapleural pressure becomes:
- More positive
- More negative
More negative
During inspiration, the intraalveolar pressure becomes:
- +1
- 0
- -1
-1
During expiration, the intrapleural pressure becomes:
- More positive
- More negative
- Less positive
- Less negative
Less negative
During expiration, the intraalveolar pressure becomes:
- +1
- 0
- -1
+1
The apneustic center stimulates the:
- DRG
- VRG
DRG
The effect of stimulation from the apneustic center will:
- Increase respiratory rate.
- Limit inspiration.
Increase respiratory rate.
The peripheral chemoreceptors are:
- Located in the carotid bodies and aortic bodies.
- Sensitive to decreased levels of oxygen.
- Sensitive to increased levels of carbon dioxide.
- 1, 2
- 1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
The central chemoreceptors located in the medulla are sensitive to:
- High levels of PC02
- Decreased levels of 02
High levels of PC02
The cerebral cortex controls:
- Involuntary breathing
- Voluntary breathing
- Both
- Neither
Voluntary breathing
Sends impulses to the external intercostal muscles and diaphragm for inspiration:
- DRG
- VRG
- Both
- Neither
DRG
Limits the duration of inspiration and increases the respiratory rate:
- Pneumotaxic center
- Apneustic center
- DRG
- VRG
Pneumotaxic center
Expiration results:
- Stimulation of DRG
- Stimulation of VRG
- From elastic recoil of the lungs and thoracic cage.
- 1, 3
- 2, 3
From elastic recoil of the lungs and thoracic cage.
The VRG becomes active when:
- The respiratory drive for increased pulmonary ventilation becomes greater than normal.
- The apneustic center becomes active.
- The pneumotaxic center becomes active.
The respiratory drive for increased pulmonary ventilation becomes greater than normal.
TRUE of the Hering-Breuer inflation reflex:
- Activated when the lungs are overstretched.
- Switches off the inspiratory ramp and thus stops further inspiration.
- Chemoreceptors are involved.
- 1, 2
- 1, 2, 3
1, 2
Responsible for the inspiratory ramp signals:
- VRG
- DRG
- Pneumotaxic center
- Apneustic center
DRG
The apneustic center:
- Stimulates the DRG.
- Causes deeper inspiration.
- Lowers the respiratory rate.
- 1, 2
- 1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
The pneumotaxic center:
- Inhibits the apneustic center.
- Increases respiratory rate.
- Causes shallow respirations.
- 1, 2
- 1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
Gaseous exchange is through what process?
- Active transport
- Facilitated diffusion
- Diffusion
- Osmosis
Diffusion
The volume of air that GOES IN AND OUT OF THE LUNGS DURING NORMAL QUIET BREATHING:
- Tidal volume
- Inspiratory capacity
- Vital capacity
Tidal volume
The MAXIMUM volume of air that one can inspire:
- Tidal volume
- Inspiratory reserve volume
- Inspiratory capacity
- Vital capacity
- 2, 3
Inspiratory capacity
The TOTAL VOLUME of air that the lungs can contain:
- Vital capacity
- Functional residual capacity
- None of the above
None of the above
Responsible for decreasing surface tension in the lung:
- Proteins
- Lipids
- Surfactant
- Carbohydrates
Surfactant
Voluntary control of respiration is located at:
- DRG
- VRG
- The cerebral cortex
- Respiratory center at the medulla
- Respiratory center at the pons
The cerebral cortex
The three single cartilages in the larynx include:
- Cuneiform
- Thyroid
- Arytenoid
- Corniculate
Thyroid
Which of the following is FALSE about the nose?
- Filters, warms, and moistens incoming air
- Resonance chamber for speech
- Produces mucus
- Facilitates exposure of immune system to inhaled antigens
Facilitates exposure of immune system to inhaled antigens
Which of the following is TRUE of the pharynx?
- Cleans, warms, and moistens incoming air
- Resonance chamber for speech
- Prevents passage of food
- Facilitates exposure of immune system to inhaled antigens
Facilitates exposure of immune system to inhaled antigens
Which of the following is TRUE of the alveoli?
- Compartmentalizes the lungs
- Facilitates exposure of immune system to inhaled antigens
- Main site of gas exchange
- None of the above
Main site of gas exchange
Which of the following best describes the larynx?
- Prevents entry of non-gaseous substances
- Vibrations of cords facilitates voice production
- Both
- Neither
Both
The part of the larynx that acts as a doorway into the lower respiratory tract.
- Glottis
- Epiglottis
- Supraglottis
- None of the above
Epiglottis
Which of the following DOES NOT in your nose occur when you are exposed to cold air?
- Cilia becomes stiff
- Mucus accumulate in the nasal cavity
- Mucus dribbles out of the nostrils
- “Runny nose” during colder season
Cilia becomes stiff
Which of the following is FALSE of the mucus in your nose?
- Contains lysozyme which is antibacterial
- Traps inspired dust, bacteria and other debris
- A chemical and a mechanical defense mechanism
- None of the above
None of the above
Which of the following explains occurrence of epistaxis (nose bleed)?
- Presence of a rich plexus of capillaries
- Thin-walled veins underlies nasal epithelium
- Vasodilation during cold season to intensify air-heating process
- All of the above
All of the above
Why is the presence of conchae within your nose important?
- Enhances air turbulence in the cavity
- Increases surface area within the cavity
- Both
- Neither
Both
Which of the following best supports the occurrence of aspiration pneumonia?
- Right main bronchus is wider and more vertical
- Left main bronchus is shorter and more vertical
- Both
- Neither
Right main bronchus is wider and more vertical
Maximum amount of air that can be expired after a maximum inspiratory effort:
- Total lung capacity
- Vital Capacity
- Inspiratory capacity
- Tidal Volume
Vital Capacity
Alveoli have:
- Smooth muscle
- Cartilage
- Goblet cells
- Squamous epithelial cells
Squamous epithelial cells