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MID - Anatomy > Renal System > Flashcards

Renal System Flashcards

1
Q

Promote/s retention or storage of urine:

  • Parasympathetic stimulation
  • Sympathetic stimulation
  • Inhibition of the detrusor muscle
  • 1, 3
  • 2, 3
A

2, 3

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2
Q

Promote/s retention or storage of urine, EXCEPT:

  • Relaxation of detrusor.
  • Contraction of trigone muscle.
  • Sympathetic stimulation
  • Inhibition of the pudendal nerve.
  • None of the choices
A

None of the choices

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3
Q

In the micturition reflex:

  • The stimulus is distention of the urinary bladder.
  • The receptors are stretch receptors located at the bladder wall.
  • The micturition center is located at the pons.
  • 1, 2
  • 1, 2, 3
A

1, 2, 3

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4
Q

NOT TRUE of micturition:

  • Sympathetic stimulation is inhibited.
  • The pudendal nerve is inhibited.
  • Parasympathetic stimulation is activated.
  • Detrusor muscle relaxes.
  • Internal urethral sphincter relaxes.
A

Detrusor muscle relaxes.

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5
Q

Which statement/s is/are FALSE?

  • Pudendal nerve stimulation causes the external sphincter to contract.
  • Parasympathetic stimulation causes the trigone muscle to contract and close the internal urethral sphincter.
  • The hypogastric nerve represents the sympathetic innervation of the bladder.
  • The pelvic nerves represent the parasympathetic innervation of the bladder.
  • None of the choices
A

None of the choices

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6
Q

Neurogenic bladder is a result of damage to the:

  • Peripheral nerves
  • Brain
  • Spinal cord
  • 1, 2
  • 1, 2, 3
A

1, 2, 3

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7
Q

The internal urinary sphincter is:

  • Made of skeletal muscle.
  • Innervated by the pudendal nerve.
  • Closed in sympathetic stimulation.
  • 1, 2
  • 1, 2, 3
A

Closed in sympathetic stimulation.

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8
Q

The external urinary sphincter is:

  • Relaxed during micturition.
  • Under voluntary control
  • Strengthened by doing Kegel exercises.
  • 1, 2
  • 1, 2, 3
A

1, 2, 3

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9
Q

Micturition involves:

  • Increased parasympathetic stimulation.
  • Contraction of the trigone muscle.
  • Relaxation of the detrusor muscle.
  • 1, 2
  • 1, 2, 3
A

Increased parasympathetic stimulation.

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10
Q

Voluntary control of micturition is:

  • In the sacral spinal cord.
  • Through the pudendal nerve firing.
  • By increased sympathetic stimulation.
  • 1, 2
  • 1, 2, 3
A

Through the pudendal nerve firing.

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11
Q

How does the condition diabetes mellitus cause neurogenic bladder?

  • Peripheral nerves are damaged.
  • Stretch cannot be sensed.
  • The excess glucose attaches.
  • 1, 2
  • 1, 2, 3
A

1, 2, 3

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12
Q

Collects the filtrate:

  • Bowman’s capsule
  • Afferent arteriole
  • Efferent arteriole
A

Bowman’s capsule

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13
Q

Hydrostatic pressure:

  • Drives the fluid out from the capillaries and into the Bowman’s capsule.
  • Greater than oncotic pressure.
  • Influenced by blood volume and blood pressure.
  • 1, 2
  • 1, 2, 3
A

1, 2, 3

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14
Q

How does high blood pressure and increase blood volume affect hydrostatic pressure?

  • The higher the blood pressure, the greater the rate of filtration.
  • The greater the blood volume, the greater the rate of filtration.
  • Both
  • Neither
A

Both

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15
Q

Movement of substances out of the capillary in the glomerulus and into the Bowman’s capsule.

A

Filtration

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16
Q

Movement of substances back from the tubule into the capillaries and blood.

A

Reabsorption

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17
Q

Movement of filtrate to the collecting ducts comprising urine.

A

Secretion

18
Q

Normal filtrate:

  • Does not contain proteins such as albumin.
  • Does not contain red blood cells (RBC).
  • Contains water, sodium chloride, bicarbonate, potassium ions.
  • 1, 2
  • 1, 2, 3
A

1, 2, 3

19
Q

Considered waste products that kidneys filter:

  • Creatinine
  • Urea
  • Both
  • Neither
A

Both

20
Q

Reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule:

  • Water, sodium chloride
  • Bicarbonate
  • Glucose
  • Amino acids
  • All of the choices
A

All of the choices

21
Q

At the glomerulus, these substances are filtered:

  • Glucose
  • Amino acids
  • Urea and creatinine
  • 1, 2
  • 1, 2, 3
A

1, 2, 3

22
Q

The Loop of Henle:

  • Where urine becomes more concentrated.
  • Where water is reabsorbed at the descending limb.
  • NaCl is reabsorbed in the ascending limb.
  • 1, 2
  • 1, 2, 3
A

1, 2, 3

23
Q

In the distal convoluted tubule,

  • Water and NaCl are reabsorbed.
  • Some potassium and hydrogen ions are secreted.
  • Both
  • Neither
A

Both

24
Q

Normal urine includes:

  • Water, NaC1, HCO3-
  • Urea and creatinine
  • Glucose and amino acids
  • 1, 2
  • 1, 2, 3
A

1, 2

25
Q

Not reabsorbed in the nephron:

  • Urea and creatinine
  • Glucose and amino acids
  • Water and sodium chloride
  • 1, 2
  • 1, 2, 3
A

Urea and creatinine

26
Q

Creatinine:

  • Mainly secreted, not reabsorbed in the nephron.
  • Marker of glomerular filtration rate.
  • Indicator of glomerular dysfunction if increased beyond normal levels in the blood.
  • 1, 2
  • 1, 2, 3
A

1, 2, 3

27
Q

Hormones that influence reabsorption in the nephron:

  • Angiotensin
  • Aldosterone
  • Antidiuretic hormone
  • ANP
  • All of the choices
A

All of the choices

28
Q

Which statement/s is/are FALSE?

  • Aldosterone increases the secretion of water and sodium chloride.
  • Vasopressin increases water reabsorption at the collecting ducts.
  • Uric acid and organic acids from antibiotics are secreted in the proximal tubule.
  • Oncotic pressure is osmotic pressure that causes fluids to go back to the capillaries due to proteins in the
    blood.
  • None of the choices
A

Aldosterone increases the secretion of water and sodium chloride.

29
Q

Which is not a function of the urinary system?

  • Regulation of blood volume.
  • Excretion of wastes.
  • Regulation of erythrocyte production.
  • Regulation of lymphocyte production.
  • Storage of urine.
A

Regulation of lymphocyte production.

30
Q

Arrange the following structures in the correct sequence of urine flow:

(1) ureter
(2) renal pelvis
(3) calyx
(4) urinary bladder
(5) urethra

A

32145

31
Q

The first structure in the kidney to collect
newly formed urine is the:

  • Renal capsule
  • Minor calyx
  • Renal pelvis
  • Renal sinus
  • Renal cortex
A

Minor calyx

32
Q

Correct order for the process of urine
formation:

(a) Capsular space of glomerulus
(b) Loop of Henle
(c) Collecting duct
(d) Distal convoluted tubule
(e) Proximal convoluted tubule

A

AEBDC

33
Q

An increase of ADH causes the kidneys to __ the reabsorption of water, causing
them to produce _ urine.

  • increase, more
  • increase, less
  • decrease, more
  • decrease, less
A

increase, less

34
Q

Aldosterone causes an increase in Na+ and Cl ____ from the nephrons which ___ the volume of urine output.

  • reabsorption, increases
  • reabsorption, decreases
  • secretion, increases
  • secretion, decreases
A

reabsorption, decreases

35
Q

The kidney is important because:

  • Regulates blood volume and erythrocyte production
  • Absorbs vitamin D
  • Both
  • Neither
A

Regulates blood volume and erythrocyte production

36
Q

Which of the following describes a nephron?

  • Closely associated with glomerulus and alveolar capillaries
  • Filtration occurs within the proximal convoluted tubules
  • The podocytes on the glomerulus forms filtration slits
  • Descending loop of Henle facilitates water secretion only
A

The podocytes on the glomerulus forms filtration slits

37
Q

Which of the following facilitates filtration within the renal corpuscle?

  • Special membrane of the glomerulus
  • Positive net filtration pressure
  • Larger diameter of afferent than the efferent arterioles
  • All of the above
A

All of the above

38
Q

Why is the tubular system of the nephron important?

  • Disposes unnecessary substances
  • Eliminates undesirable end products
  • Expels excess potassium
  • All of the above
A

All of the above

39
Q

How does the tubular system facilitate blood pH control?

  • When blood pH drops, renal tubule cells actively secrete more H+ into the filtrate
  • When blood pH drops, renal tubule cells actively secrete more HCO3- into the filtrate
  • When blood pH drops, renal tubule cells actively reabsorb more H+ into the filtrate
  • All of the above
A

When blood pH drops, renal tubule cells actively secrete more H+ into the filtrate

40
Q

All of the following promote/s retention or storage of urine EXCEPT:

  • Relaxation of detrusor
  • Contraction of trigone
  • Sympathetic stimulation
  • Inhibition of pudendal nerve
A

Inhibition of pudendal nerve

41
Q

Micturition is also known as

  • Bladder storage
  • Urination
  • Defecation
  • None of these
A

Urination

MID - Anatomy (5 decks)

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