Renal System Flashcards
Promote/s retention or storage of urine:
- Parasympathetic stimulation
- Sympathetic stimulation
- Inhibition of the detrusor muscle
- 1, 3
- 2, 3
2, 3
Promote/s retention or storage of urine, EXCEPT:
- Relaxation of detrusor.
- Contraction of trigone muscle.
- Sympathetic stimulation
- Inhibition of the pudendal nerve.
- None of the choices
None of the choices
In the micturition reflex:
- The stimulus is distention of the urinary bladder.
- The receptors are stretch receptors located at the bladder wall.
- The micturition center is located at the pons.
- 1, 2
- 1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
NOT TRUE of micturition:
- Sympathetic stimulation is inhibited.
- The pudendal nerve is inhibited.
- Parasympathetic stimulation is activated.
- Detrusor muscle relaxes.
- Internal urethral sphincter relaxes.
Detrusor muscle relaxes.
Which statement/s is/are FALSE?
- Pudendal nerve stimulation causes the external sphincter to contract.
- Parasympathetic stimulation causes the trigone muscle to contract and close the internal urethral sphincter.
- The hypogastric nerve represents the sympathetic innervation of the bladder.
- The pelvic nerves represent the parasympathetic innervation of the bladder.
- None of the choices
None of the choices
Neurogenic bladder is a result of damage to the:
- Peripheral nerves
- Brain
- Spinal cord
- 1, 2
- 1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
The internal urinary sphincter is:
- Made of skeletal muscle.
- Innervated by the pudendal nerve.
- Closed in sympathetic stimulation.
- 1, 2
- 1, 2, 3
Closed in sympathetic stimulation.
The external urinary sphincter is:
- Relaxed during micturition.
- Under voluntary control
- Strengthened by doing Kegel exercises.
- 1, 2
- 1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
Micturition involves:
- Increased parasympathetic stimulation.
- Contraction of the trigone muscle.
- Relaxation of the detrusor muscle.
- 1, 2
- 1, 2, 3
Increased parasympathetic stimulation.
Voluntary control of micturition is:
- In the sacral spinal cord.
- Through the pudendal nerve firing.
- By increased sympathetic stimulation.
- 1, 2
- 1, 2, 3
Through the pudendal nerve firing.
How does the condition diabetes mellitus cause neurogenic bladder?
- Peripheral nerves are damaged.
- Stretch cannot be sensed.
- The excess glucose attaches.
- 1, 2
- 1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
Collects the filtrate:
- Bowman’s capsule
- Afferent arteriole
- Efferent arteriole
Bowman’s capsule
Hydrostatic pressure:
- Drives the fluid out from the capillaries and into the Bowman’s capsule.
- Greater than oncotic pressure.
- Influenced by blood volume and blood pressure.
- 1, 2
- 1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
How does high blood pressure and increase blood volume affect hydrostatic pressure?
- The higher the blood pressure, the greater the rate of filtration.
- The greater the blood volume, the greater the rate of filtration.
- Both
- Neither
Both
Movement of substances out of the capillary in the glomerulus and into the Bowman’s capsule.
Filtration
Movement of substances back from the tubule into the capillaries and blood.
Reabsorption
Movement of filtrate to the collecting ducts comprising urine.
Secretion
Normal filtrate:
- Does not contain proteins such as albumin.
- Does not contain red blood cells (RBC).
- Contains water, sodium chloride, bicarbonate, potassium ions.
- 1, 2
- 1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
Considered waste products that kidneys filter:
- Creatinine
- Urea
- Both
- Neither
Both
Reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule:
- Water, sodium chloride
- Bicarbonate
- Glucose
- Amino acids
- All of the choices
All of the choices
At the glomerulus, these substances are filtered:
- Glucose
- Amino acids
- Urea and creatinine
- 1, 2
- 1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
The Loop of Henle:
- Where urine becomes more concentrated.
- Where water is reabsorbed at the descending limb.
- NaCl is reabsorbed in the ascending limb.
- 1, 2
- 1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
In the distal convoluted tubule,
- Water and NaCl are reabsorbed.
- Some potassium and hydrogen ions are secreted.
- Both
- Neither
Both
Normal urine includes:
- Water, NaC1, HCO3-
- Urea and creatinine
- Glucose and amino acids
- 1, 2
- 1, 2, 3
1, 2
Not reabsorbed in the nephron:
- Urea and creatinine
- Glucose and amino acids
- Water and sodium chloride
- 1, 2
- 1, 2, 3
Urea and creatinine
Creatinine:
- Mainly secreted, not reabsorbed in the nephron.
- Marker of glomerular filtration rate.
- Indicator of glomerular dysfunction if increased beyond normal levels in the blood.
- 1, 2
- 1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
Hormones that influence reabsorption in the nephron:
- Angiotensin
- Aldosterone
- Antidiuretic hormone
- ANP
- All of the choices
All of the choices
Which statement/s is/are FALSE?
- Aldosterone increases the secretion of water and sodium chloride.
- Vasopressin increases water reabsorption at the collecting ducts.
- Uric acid and organic acids from antibiotics are secreted in the proximal tubule.
- Oncotic pressure is osmotic pressure that causes fluids to go back to the capillaries due to proteins in the
blood. - None of the choices
Aldosterone increases the secretion of water and sodium chloride.
Which is not a function of the urinary system?
- Regulation of blood volume.
- Excretion of wastes.
- Regulation of erythrocyte production.
- Regulation of lymphocyte production.
- Storage of urine.
Regulation of lymphocyte production.
Arrange the following structures in the correct sequence of urine flow:
(1) ureter
(2) renal pelvis
(3) calyx
(4) urinary bladder
(5) urethra
32145
The first structure in the kidney to collect
newly formed urine is the:
- Renal capsule
- Minor calyx
- Renal pelvis
- Renal sinus
- Renal cortex
Minor calyx
Correct order for the process of urine
formation:
(a) Capsular space of glomerulus
(b) Loop of Henle
(c) Collecting duct
(d) Distal convoluted tubule
(e) Proximal convoluted tubule
AEBDC
An increase of ADH causes the kidneys to __ the reabsorption of water, causing
them to produce _ urine.
- increase, more
- increase, less
- decrease, more
- decrease, less
increase, less
Aldosterone causes an increase in Na+ and Cl ____ from the nephrons which ___ the volume of urine output.
- reabsorption, increases
- reabsorption, decreases
- secretion, increases
- secretion, decreases
reabsorption, decreases
The kidney is important because:
- Regulates blood volume and erythrocyte production
- Absorbs vitamin D
- Both
- Neither
Regulates blood volume and erythrocyte production
Which of the following describes a nephron?
- Closely associated with glomerulus and alveolar capillaries
- Filtration occurs within the proximal convoluted tubules
- The podocytes on the glomerulus forms filtration slits
- Descending loop of Henle facilitates water secretion only
The podocytes on the glomerulus forms filtration slits
Which of the following facilitates filtration within the renal corpuscle?
- Special membrane of the glomerulus
- Positive net filtration pressure
- Larger diameter of afferent than the efferent arterioles
- All of the above
All of the above
Why is the tubular system of the nephron important?
- Disposes unnecessary substances
- Eliminates undesirable end products
- Expels excess potassium
- All of the above
All of the above
How does the tubular system facilitate blood pH control?
- When blood pH drops, renal tubule cells actively secrete more H+ into the filtrate
- When blood pH drops, renal tubule cells actively secrete more HCO3- into the filtrate
- When blood pH drops, renal tubule cells actively reabsorb more H+ into the filtrate
- All of the above
When blood pH drops, renal tubule cells actively secrete more H+ into the filtrate
All of the following promote/s retention or storage of urine EXCEPT:
- Relaxation of detrusor
- Contraction of trigone
- Sympathetic stimulation
- Inhibition of pudendal nerve
Inhibition of pudendal nerve
Micturition is also known as
- Bladder storage
- Urination
- Defecation
- None of these
Urination
