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MID - Anatomy > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Baroreceptor reflex:

  • A short-term response to maintain blood pressure.
  • Activated when blood pressure goes up (hypertension).
  • Activated when blood pressure goes down (hypotension).
  • 1, 2
  • 1, 2, 3
A

1, 2, 3

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2
Q

The baroreceptor reflex:

  • Operates through a negative feedback.
  • Has stretch receptors as detectors of changes in blood pressure.
  • Has the carotid sinus and aortic sinus as the baroreceptors.
  • 1, 2
  • 1, 2, 3
A

1, 2, 3

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3
Q

When blood pressure increases:

  • The walls of the carotid artery and the aorta are stretched.
  • The increase in pressure causes the baroreceptors to fire and send more signals.
  • Action potentials from the baroreceptors are transmitted through CN IX and X to the pons.
  • 1, 2
  • 1, 2, 3
A

1, 2

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4
Q

A decrease in blood pressure results to:

  • Increase in heart rate.
  • Vasoconstriction
  • Sympathetic discharge
  • 1, 2
  • 1, 2, 3
A

1, 2, 3

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5
Q

In response to increased baroreceptor activity:

  • The parasympathetic nervous system is stimulated.
  • The sympathetic nervous system stimulated.
A

The parasympathetic nervous system is stimulated.

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6
Q

Increased parasympathetic stimulation:

  • Results to a decrease in heart rate.
  • Vasodilation
  • Both
  • Neither
A

Both

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7
Q

Baroreceptors are in the form of:

  • Carotid and aortic sinus
  • Carotid and aortic bodies
  • Both
  • Neither
A

Carotid and aortic sinus

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8
Q

Action potentials from the aortic arch baroreceptors are relayed to the medulla through the:

  • Glossopharyngeal nerve
  • Vagus nerve
A

Vagus nerve

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9
Q

Action potentials from the carotid sinus baroreceptors are relayed to the medulla through the:

  • Glossopharyngeal nerve
  • Vagus nerve
A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

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10
Q

Blood pressure:

  • Must be maintained to achieve homeostasis.
  • Necessary to ensure sufficient blood reaches the organ systems in the body.
  • Both
  • Neither
A

Both

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11
Q

Factors that affect blood pressure include:

  • Cardiac output
  • Resistance
  • Blood viscosity
  • Blood volume
  • All of the above
A

All of the above

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12
Q

As cardiac output increases, blood pressure:

  • Increases
  • Decreases
A

Increases

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13
Q

The amount of blood ventricles coming out of the ventricles in one minute is:

  • Blood pressure
  • Cardiac output
  • Heart rate
  • Stroke volume
  • None of the choices
A

Cardiac output

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14
Q

Blood viscosity refers to the:

  • Blood volume
  • Thickness of blood
  • Heart rate
  • None of the choices
A

Thickness of blood

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15
Q

The cardiac cycle has two major phases:

  • Systole
  • Diastole
  • Both
A

Both

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16
Q

Systole (ventricular) refers to:

  • Ventricular contraction
  • Ventricular relaxation
A

Ventricular contraction

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17
Q

TRUE of the events in the cardiac cycle:

  • Blood flows from higher to lower pressure.
  • Contraction of the chamber increases pressure.
  • The opening and closure of valves is due to differences in pressure.
  • All statements are true.
A

All statements are true.

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18
Q

The p wave:

  • Represents SA node firing.
  • Followed by atrial contraction.
  • Represents atrial depolarization.
  • 1, 2
  • 1, 2, 3
A

1, 2, 3

19
Q

The QRS complex:

  • Represents ventricular depolarization.
  • Followed by ventricular systole.
  • Both
  • Neither
A

Both

20
Q

The t wave represents:

  • Ventricular diastole
  • Ventricular systole
  • Atrial diastole
  • Atrial systole
A

Ventricular diastole

21
Q

The first heart sound:

  • Called the S1.
  • Due to closure of the atrioventricular valves (AV valves).
  • Due to closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves.
  • 1, 2
  • 1, 2, 3
A

1, 2, 3

22
Q

The first heart sound:

  • Heard as “lubb”.
  • Heard as “dubb”.
  • Due to opening of AV valves.
A

Heard as “lubb”.

23
Q

The first heart sound:

  • Heard at the start of ventricular systole.
  • Heard at the end of ventricular systole.
A

Heard at the start of ventricular systole.

24
Q

The second heart sound:

  • Called the S2.
  • Due to closure of the semilunar valves.
  • Due to closure of the aortic and mitral valves.
  • 1, 2
  • 1, 2, 3
A

1, 2

25
Q

The second heart sound:

  • Heard at the start of ventricular systole.
  • Heard at the end of ventricular systole.
A

Heard at the end of ventricular systole.

26
Q

In one cardiac cycle:

  • There is one systole, and one diastole.
  • The systolic phase is longer than the diastolic phase.
A

There is one systole, and one diastole.

27
Q

If the patient has a heart rate of 82 beats/minute, this means that:

  • The patient has 82 cardiac cycles/minute.
  • There are 82 alternating systolic and diastolic phases.
  • Both
  • Neither
A

Both

28
Q

When does the aortic valve open? During:

  • Ventricular systole
  • Atrial systole
  • Ventricular diastole
  • Atrial diastole
A

Ventricular systole

29
Q

Coronary blood flow occurs mostly during:

  • Diastole
  • Systole
A

Diastole

30
Q

Stroke volume:

  • The volume of blood ejected by the left ventricle to the aorta.
  • Around 70 ML.
  • Oxygenated blood
  • 1, 2
  • 1, 2, 3
A

1, 2, 3

31
Q

Cardiac output:

  • Averages 5 liters/minute.
  • Calculated by stroke volume x heart rate in one minute.
  • Increased in parasympathetic stimulation.
  • 1, 2
  • 1, 2, 3
A

1, 2

32
Q

True of orthostatic hypotension:

  • Defined as a decrease in systolic blood pressure of 20 mm Hg or a
    decrease in diastolic blood pressure of 10 mm Hg within three minutes of
    standing from sitting or supine.
  • Results from an inadequate physiologic response to postural changes in
    blood pressure.
  • Associated with blood pooling down inside veins of the legs due to gravity
    as we stand up.
  • 1, 2
  • 1, 2, 3
A

1, 2, 3

33
Q

The amount of blood coming out of the left ventricle per systolic contraction is the:

  • Blood pressure
  • Cardiac output
  • Heart rate
  • Stroke volume
  • None of the choices
A

Stroke volume

34
Q

The action of the papillary muscles and
chordae tendineae:

  • Keeps the AV valve closed.
  • Prevents blood from regurgitating back to the atria.
  • Associated with the first heart sound, S1.
  • 1, 2
  • 1, 2, 3
A

1, 2, 3

35
Q

What is the correct order in the sequence of conduction in the heart?

  • SA node > AV node > AV Bundle of His > Purkinje fibers
  • SA node > Bundle of His > AV node > Purkinje fibers
  • SA node > AV node > Purkinje fibers > AV Bundle of His
  • None of the choices
A

SA node > AV node > AV Bundle of His > Purkinje fibers

36
Q

Factors expected to increase blood
pressure EXCEPT:

  • Decreased vessel diameter as in vasoconstriction.
  • Increased blood volume
  • Increased heart rate
  • Decreased blood viscosity
  • 3, 4
A

Decreased blood viscosity

37
Q

The “plateau” phase in a cardiac action
potential is due to:

  • Sodium entry through voltage-gated sodium channels.
  • Calcium entry through voltage-gated calcium channels.
A

Calcium entry through voltage-gated calcium channels.

38
Q

What happens when the mitral valve opens?

  • The second heart sound is heard.
  • The first heart sound is heard.
  • Blood flows from the right atrium to the right ventricle.
  • Blood flows from the left atrium to the left ventricle.
A

Blood flows from the left atrium to the left ventricle.

39
Q

Hypertension is:

  • Blood pressure greater or equal to 140/90.
  • Blood pressure is less than 140/90.
  • Blood pressure is less than or equal to 120/80.
  • Blood pressure is less than or equal to 90/60.
A

Blood pressure greater or equal to 140/90.

40
Q

Which of the following is NOT a blood vessel that directly supplies the heart?

  • Aorta
  • Right coronary artery
  • Left coronary artery
  • None of the above
A

Aorta

41
Q

Which of the following valves closes on ventricular systole?

  • Aortic valve
  • Tricuspid valve
  • Pulmonary valve
  • All of these
A

Tricuspid valve

42
Q

Which of the following valves closes on ventricular diastole?

  • Aortic valve
  • Pulmonary valve
  • Both
  • Neither
A

Both

43
Q

The only vein that carries oxygenated blood:

  • Vena cava
  • Vasa recta
  • Pulmonary artery
  • Pulmonary vein
A

Pulmonary vein

44
Q

The only artery that carries deoxygenated blood:

  • Aorta
  • Vasa vasorum
  • Pulmonary artery
  • Pulmonary vein
A

Pulmonary artery

MID - Anatomy (5 decks)

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