RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Flashcards
Nose
The nose is the outer surface of the nasal cavity
Choanae
Posterior Opening of the nasal cavity going into pharynx
Nasal septum
Divides the nasal cavity into left and right side
Nares
External opening of the nose
Made up of stratified epithelium with hair
Hair present to trap particles
Concha
Prominent ridges of the nasal cavity
Hard palate
Forms the floor of the nasal cavity
Function of nasal cavity
- traps small debris mucus
- sweeps mucus to the pharynx
- humidifies and warms air
Nasal cavity tissues
Made up of respiratory epithelium “ pseudo stratified columnar ciliated with goblet cells “
Types of Paranasal sinuses
- frontal sinuses
- maxillary sinuses
- ethmoidal sinuses
- sphenoidal sinuses
Paranasal sinuses
Air filled spaces within bones
Function of respiratory system
- voice production
- innate immunity
- gas exchange
- olfaction
- regulating of blood ph
Function of pleural fluid
- lubricant between visceral and parietal pleura
- holds pleura membranes together
Nasopharynx
Extends from choanae to uvula
Oropharynx
Extends from uvula to epiglottis
Lined with stratified squamous
Structure of uvula
- auditory tube
- pharyngeal tonsils
Uvula
Soft process extends from the posterior edge of the soft palate , lined with respiratory epithelium .
Oropharynx function
Passage of food , water and air
Function of oropharynx stratified squamous epithelium
Protection against abrasion
Structures of oropharynx
Palatine tonsils and lingual tonsils
Thyroid cartilage
Largest laryngeal cartilage
Maintain an open passage way for air
Cricoid cartilage
Maintain an open passage way for air
Hyoid bone
Located on the anterior throat
Outer casing of nine cartilages , mostly hyaline
Epiglottis cartilage
Helps prevent swallowed materials from entering the larynx and lungs
True vocal cords
Primary source of voice production
Often gets inflamed “ laryngitis “
False vocal cords
Prevent air from leaving the lungs
Helps prevent helps prevent swallowing from entering larynx
Trachea
C-shaped cartilage
Protect the trachea
Maintain an open passage way
Contain smooth muscles to alter the diameter of the trachea
Lined with respiratory epithelium
Divided into right and left bronchi at T5 levels
Bronchi also lined with respiratory epithelium and cartilage
Lungs
It is the principle of respiratory
Cone shaped
Apex is situated superiorly
Base is situated inferiorly
Right lung
More vertical
Larger in diameter
Foreign bodies will lodge into right main bronchus
Has three lobes superior , middle and inferior
Each lobe is divided into ten lobules / broncho - pulmonary segments .
Left lung
More horizontal
Smaller in diameter
Has two lobes superior and inferior
Each lobe has nine lobules / broncho pulmonary segments
Bronchi
Trachea Division into right and left bronchi at T5 levels
Bronchi lined with respiratory epithelium and cartilage
TRACHEO - BRONCHIAL - TREE
- walls becomes thinner as air passages becomes smaller .
- Main bronchus»_space; lobar / secondary bronchus»_space; lobular / tertiary / segmental bronchus»_space; bronchioles “ without cartilage only smooth muscle “»_space; terminal bronchioles»_space; respiratory bronchioles»_space; alveolar ducts»_space; alveoli .
Alveoli
Small air sacs lined with simple squamous epithelium
Alveolar sac
Two or more alveoli share a common opening
Types of alveoli
Type one : thin , flat ; gas exchange
Type two : secrete pulmonary surfactant
