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General Anatomy > CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM > Flashcards

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

Location of the heart

A
  • It is midline structure of the thoracic cavity in the mediastinum
  • it lies behind the sternum and costal cartilage extending from second to sixth costal cartilage
  • about 2/3 of the heart lies in the left and 1/3 of the heart lies in the right of median plane
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2
Q

Size of the heart

A

Slightly larger then a closed fist

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3
Q

Shape of the heart

A
  • blunt cone shape
  • apex ( inferior )
    ~ blunt round point
    ~ directed to the left 5th ICS
  • base ( superior )
    ~ flat portion
    ~ directed to the right 2th ICS
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4
Q

Coverings of the heart

A

1 - Pericardium
1.1 - serous ( inner surface ) , fibrous ( outer surface )
2 - serous —-> parietal + visceral / epicardium
2.1 - between parietal and visceral , there’s pericardial cavity + pericardial fluid in it .

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5
Q

Function of the right atrium

A

Receives blood from the body

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6
Q

The opening of the right atrium

A
  • superior vena cava
  • inferior vena cava
  • coronary sinus
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7
Q

Which valve that direct blood from right atrium to right ventricle

A

Tricuspid valve ( atrioventricular valve )

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8
Q

The function of right ventricle

A

Pumps the blood to the pulmonary trunk

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9
Q

The function of left atrium

A

Receives blood from the lungs

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10
Q

Which valve that direct blood from left atrium to left ventricle

A

Bicuspid valve ( atrioventricular valve )

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11
Q

The function of left ventricle

A

Pumps the blood to the aorta

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12
Q

Which valve that direct the blood from left ventricle to aorta

A

Aortic valve ( semi-lunar cusps valve )

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13
Q

Which valve that direct blood to pulmonary trunk

A

Pulmonary valve ( semi - lunar cusps valve )

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14
Q

What is the inter-ventricular septum

A

A wall that separates left and right ventricles

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15
Q

The openings of left atrium

A

The four Pulmonary veins

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16
Q

The function of heart valves

A

Allows one-way blood flow , prevent back-flow

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17
Q

Types of heart valves

A
  • atrioventricular valves ( direct blood from atrium to ventricle ) ( av - valves open when atrium contract ) ( av - valves close when ventricle contracts )
  • semi-lunar cusps valves ( direct blood from , out side to in side the heart and from , in side to out side the heart )
    ( also this valves has semilunar cusps which has pulmonary sinus + Nodule + Lunule )
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18
Q

What is the chordae tendinae

A

The chordae tendinae , cords that anchor the cusps to the walls of the ventricles

19
Q

Function of chordae tendinae

A

Prevent the valves leaflets from turning inside out

20
Q

Differences between left ventricle of and right ventricle

A
  • LV : has thicker wall then right ventricle and atria

- LV : must generate greater pressure then right ventricle

21
Q

What is the cardiac conduction system

A

Are a specialized cardiac muscle cells , capable of contracting constantly , are divided into sino-atrial node and atrio-ventricle node .

22
Q

Conduction system pathway

A 
1 - SA node 
1.1 - SA node —-> left atrium 
2 - AV node 
2.1 - AV bundle 
2.2 - left and right bundle branches 
2.3 - purkinje fibers 
3 - relax and repeat 🔁
23
Q

The function of av node

A

If SA node is defective , AV node becomes the pacemaker “ but with slower conduction “ ( ectopic beat )

24
Q

The function of SA node

A

Initiates the conduction “ the conduction rate , is faster then other areas of the heart “

25
Q

Location of SA node

A

Superior wall of the right atrium

26
Q

Function of pulmonary trunk

A

Carry blood from right ventricle to the lungs

27
Q

What are the external anatomical features of the heart

A
  • There six large veins “ superior / inferior vena cava “
  • four pulmonary veins
  • two ventricles and two atrium
  • aorta and its branches
  • pulmonary trunk
28
Q

Function of pulmonary veins

A

Carry blood from the lungs to the left atrium

29
Q

Function of SVC and IVC

A

Both carry blood from the body to the right atrium

30
Q

Function of left coronary artery

A

Supplies the anterior wall of the heart and left ventricle

31
Q

Function of right coronary artery

A

Supplies the right ventricle

32
Q

The coronary arteries from which area extends

A

Arise directly from the aorta

33
Q

Function of coronary arteries

A

Provide oxygenated blood to the cardiac muscle tissues of the heart

34
Q

process of Venous drainage

A

Bringing deoxygenated blood into the heart , this process done by cardiac veins .

35
Q

Venous drainage pathway

A

1 - cardiac veins
1.1 - great , middle , small , posterior and anterior veins .
2 - coronary sinus
3 - right atrium

36
Q

Function of the heart

A
  • Generating blood pressure
  • circulating blood
  • ensuring oneway blood flow by valves
  • regulating blood supply “ to meet the metabolic needs of tissues .
37
Q

Pathway of Pulmonary circulation

A 
Un oxygenated blood 🩸 
- right atrium 🔴
~ tricuspid valve ( atrio ventricular valve ) 〰️
- right ventricle 🔴
~ pulmonary valve ( semilunar cuspid valve ) 〰️
- pulmonary trunk 🔴
- pulmonary arteries 🔴
Oxygenated blood 🩸 
- pulmonary arteries 🔴
- lungs 🔵
- pulmonary veins 🔵
- left atrium 🔵
38
Q

Pathway of systemic circulation

A

Oxygenated blood 🩸
- left atrium 🔵
~ bicuspid valve ( atrioventricular valve ) 〰️
- left ventricle 🔵
~ aortic valve ( semilunar cuspid valve ) 〰️
- aorta 🔵
- body 🔴
Un oxygenated blood 🩸
- body ——> portal vein ——> liver ——> right atrium
- superior vena cava , inferior vena cava , coronary sinus 🔴
- right atrium 🔴

39
Q

Pathway of portal vein

A

Un oxygenated blood 🩸

  • body 🔴
  • stomach, spleen , pancreas , intestine 🔴
  • portal vein 🔴
  • liver 🔴
  • Inferior vena cava 🔴
  • right atrium 🔴
40
Q

Function of arteries and arterioles

A

Carries O2 ⬆️ blood from heart to periphery , except the pulmonary artery which caries O2 ⬇️ blood .

41
Q

Function of veins and venules “ tributaries “

A

Carries ⬇️ O2 blood , also has low blood pressure . It can not pulsate them .

42
Q

Structure of tributaries

A

It has thin wall , wide lumen , most of them contain valves .

43
Q

Main function of capillaries

A

It is the communication between arteries and veins .

44
Q

What is the “ anastomosis “

A

It is the communication between arteries .

General Anatomy (4 decks)

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