Respiratory Syst. (22) Flashcards
How is it divided structurally
Upper and lower tracts
How is it divided functionally
Conducting zone and respiratory zone
Branched out tubes that conduct air into the lungs
Bronchial tree
Vocal cords that produce sounds
True vocal cords
Cords that don’t make sound; hold air in
False vocal cords
Moistens, warms, and filters air
Nasal cavity
Conducts air into the bronchi
Trachea
Prevents food and liquid from entering the lungs
Epiglottis
Site of gas exchange
Alveoli
Contains vocal cords
Larynx
Passageway for food and air
Pharynx
Passageway for food and air
Pharynx
Opening to the pharynx
Internal nares
Anterior portion of the nose (internal)
Nasal vestibule
Secretes mucous to trap particles and moisten air
Olfactory epithelium
Nasal projections
Conchae
Divided nasal cavity into right and left sides
Nasal septum
Opening to nasal cavity
External nares
Grooves in the nose
Meatuses
Tissue found in the superior nasal conchae
Respiratory epithelium
Divisions of the pharynx (3)
Nasopharynx (nose); oropharynx (mouth); laryngopharynx (throat)
What is the purpose of the c-rings in the trachea?
Protection and to prevent collapse
What muscle is found in the posterior aspect of the trachea?
Trachealis muscle
What’s the difference between a pneumothorax and atelectasis?
Pneumothorax occurs when there is air in the pleural cavity and the chest cavity fills with air
Atelectasis occurs when part or the whole lung collapses
Each lung is surrounded my a ______ membrane
Pleural
Place the following in order of largest to smallest on the bronchial tree
Respiratory bronchiole, secondary bronchi, terminal bronchi, alveolar duct, primary bronchi, tertiary bronchi
Primary b., secondary b., tertiary b., respiratory bronchiole, terminal bronchiole, alveolar duct
Why does the left lung only have 2 lobes while the right lung has 3? And what are the lobes on each lung?
The left lung has to make room for the heart to sit. The left has a superior and inferior lobe while the right has a superior, middle, and inferior lobe
Where is the exact site of gas exchange?
Alveoli walls
This cartilage forms inferior to the larynx
Cricoid cartilage
Narrow passageway through the larynx
Glottis
Horn shaped cartilage
Corniculate cartilage
Connects thyroid cartilage to hyoid bone
Thyrohyoid membrane
Used to produce sounds
Vocal fold
Connects cricoid cartilage to first tracheal cartilage
Cricotracheal ligament
Connects cricoid cartilage to first tracheal cartilage
Cricotracheal ligament
Found on the posterior/ superior border of the cricoid cartilage
Arytenoid cartilage
Found on the posterior/ superior border of the cricoid cartilage
Arytenoid cartilage
Connects cricoid cartilage to thyroid cartilage
Cricothyroid ligament
Largest cartilage
Thyroid cartilage
When is a tracheotomy preformed
When there is an obstruction above the larynx
Composed of the capillary and alveolar wall; site of gas exchange
Respiratory membrane
Secrete pulmonary surfactant (alveolar sac)
Type II alveolar cell
Form walls of alveolar sac
Type I alveolar cell
Immune cells (alveolar sac)
Alveolar macrophage
Type of surfactant that helps keep alveoli from sticking to each other and collapsing
Pulmonary surfactant
The ____ is the portion of the lung tissue that each tertiary bronchus supplies
Branchopulmonary segment
Three processes of respiration
Pulmonary ventilation
External respiration
Internal respiration
What is pulmonary ventilation
Breathing in general
Inhalation and exhalation
What is external respiration
The gas exchange in the LUNGS
What is internal respiration
The gas exchange in the TISSUES
What are the two major respiratory centers located in the brain
Medulla and pons
What does the outgrowth that forms below the pharynx during fetal development called?
Respiratory diverticulum
The ENDOtherm of the respiratory diverticulum form
Epi tissues of trachea, bronchi, and alveoli
