Respiratory Revision Night Flashcards
Which mnemonic should you used for reading an X-ray?
ABCDE Airway Breathing Circulation (heart) Diaphragm Everything else
Ddx for TB
Pneumonia
Lung cancer
Fungal infection
Sarcoidosis
Which 2 conditions cause bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy
TB
Sarcoidosis
Which organism causes TB
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Risk factors TB
Travel/immigration Extremes of age Malnutrition Alcoholism Immunosuppressed (HIV, Steroids, DM) Previous gastric cancer Intravenous drug user
Presentation TB
Cough Sputum SOB Haemoptysis Pleuritic chest pain Malaise Fever Weight loss Night sweats
Describe pleuritic chest pain
Sharp, stabbing burning pain
More localised
Affected by respiration
Ix for TB
CXR Tuberculin Sputum Culture ZN STAIN!! FBC (WCC, CRP, ESR)
What are the 2 tuberculin TB tests
Mantoux
Heaf
Rx for TB
RIPE Rifampicin Isoniazid Pyrazanamide Ethambutol
All for 2 months
R and I for further 4 months
Total 6 months treatment course
Side effect of rifampicin
Iron bru pee
Side effect of Isoniazid
Hepatitis
Side effect of Pyrazanimide
Gout
Side Effect of ethambutol
optic neuropathy
for which disease is there a low threshold testing for in TB
HIV
what must you do with all TB cases as a matter of public health
must notify all cases
as a matter of public health
Ix pneumonia
Bloods (FBC, ESR, CRP ABG CXR Throat swab Sputum culture Sputum microscopy
DDx pneumonia
acute bronchitis
acute exacerbation COPD
lung cancer
TB
Organisms of Community acquired pneumonia
Pneummococcas
viruses
H. influenzae
Mycoplasma pneumonia
organisms of hospital acquired pneumonia
gram -ve bacteria
staph. aureus
pneumococcas
Describe CURB65 score
Confusion Urea (>7mmol/l) RR >30 BP (systolic <90, diastolic <60) Age 65
Abx for pneumonia
Amoxicillin
Clarithromycin
Co-trimoxazole
Describe type 1 respiratory failure
Decreased PO2 only
Describe type 2 respiratory failure
Decreased PO2
And
Increased CO2
Risk factors of lung cancer
Active or passive smoking Age COPD Previous malignancy Asbestos FH Radon exposure
Complications of lung malignancy
Bone pain SVC obstruction Headache Hoarseness Hepatomegaly Neurological symptoms
Symptoms of lung cancer
Weight loss Haemoptysis Chest pain Cough Dyspnoea Weakness Lymphadenopathy Finger clubbing
Ix lung cancer
CXR CT Biopsy (bronchoscopy, USS guided, Surgical) Lung function tests Bone scan
Rx for lung cancer
Surgical
Chemotherapy
Radiotherapy
Targeted therapy
4 types of lung cancer
Small cell carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
Large cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
What are the 3 types of non-small cell lung carcinoma
Large cell
Adenocarcinoma
Squamous Cell
