Respiratory physiology Flashcards
The purpose of the pulmonary system is to:
supply oxygen from the atmosphere to the blood while removing CO2 help maintain acid-base balance allow for phonation provide for pulmonary defense provide oxygen for metabolism
Partial pressure of gases in the air include:
nitrogen: 78%
oxygen: 21%
CO2 and trace gases: 1%
Glycolysis makes
2 ATP, has no mitochondria involvement–> pyruvate and lactic acid result
Pyruvate and acetyl CoA combine to form
2 more ATP and CO2 production
Aerobic metabolism produces
34 ATP via the electron transport
utilizes O2
byproducts include: CO2, H20, and heat
The larynx consists of
9 cartilages
3 paired- corniculate, cuneiform, arytenoid
3 unpaired- epiglottis, thyroid, and cricoid
The nose is used for
filtration, smell, and humidification of incoming air
The airways consists of the
nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and lower airways
Sensory innervation to the larynx is via the
internal superior laryngeal nerve- vocal cords and above
recurrent laryngeal nerve- below the vocal cords
Motor innervation in the larynx is via the
recurrent laryngeal nerve to all but the cricothyroid muscle which is innervated by external superior laryngeal nerve
Abduction to the vocal cords is via the
posterior cricoarytenoid- please come apart
Adduction of the vocal cords is via the
lateral cricoarytenoid- “let’s close airway”
Tension to the vocal cords is via the
cricothyroid- “cords tense”
laryngospasm
Relaxation to the vocal cords is via the
thryoarytenoid- “they relax”
Describe the difference between the right and left bronchus is
the right main bronchus is shorter, wider, and more vertical (25 degree angle) than the left bronchus which is why a right mainstem intubation is more likely than a left
The left main bronchus has a 45 degree angle off the trachea
Where are the tracheal rings and what is the purpose
the tracheal rings sit anteriorly and prevent tracheal collapse
The role of the trachea and bronchi is to
transport gases between the atmosphere and the lung parenchyma
Describe the TLC in the left and right lungs:
the right lung makes up 55% TLC and is divided into 3 lobes
the left lung makes up 45% TLC and is divided into 2 lobes
The conducting zone is where
no gas exchange exists
goblet and mucous exist here
The transitional and respiratory zones are where
gas exchange occurs
absence of goblet cells
The diaphragm is the
primary muscle of ventilation
Innervation to the diaphragm comes from
C3, C4, and C5 nerve roots bilaterally to form the phrenic nerves
Internal intercostal muscles help with
forced expiration
External intercostals help with
forced inhalation