respiratory physiology Flashcards
what are the levels of oxygen diffusion at the muscles?
Po2 in blood = 100mmHg of mercury
po2 in tissue = 40mmHg
what are the levels of carbon dioxide diffusion?
pco2 in tissue = 45mmHg
pco2 in capillaries = 40mmHg
what happens during aerobic exercise when sick?
we produce more muscous in trachea which restricts our air flow a bit
what is anatomic deadspace?
the last bit of air you breath that does not make it to lungs before breathing back out
what does the spirometer not tell you?
not every mL you breath in reaches your lungs, may only make it to trachea/bronchii
AKA anatomic dead space
why is the bronchii lined with smooth muscle?
if bronchii gets damaged/irritated, the smooth muscle can go into spasm and narror the diameter of bronchial tubes
what is the bronchii lined with?
smooth muscle
during rest, what is inhalation and exhalation?
inhalation = active
exhalation = passive
explain carbon dioxide diffusion
occuring the same time as o2 diffusion, just in opposite direction
Pco2 in deoxygenated blood = 45mm/Hg
Pco2 in alveoli = 40mm/Hg
what is pulmonary diffusion?
gases move through a membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
what is exercise induced asthma?
spasm of bronchial smooth muscle = constriction of bronchial airway = less air flow
triggered by cold or dry air in bronchial lining
what is a stitch?
pain response interpreted by brain from low o2 in respiratory muscles
forces you to reduce lead on respiratory muscles (AKA) slow you down
what is the acute response to tidal volume during exercise?
increases because we switch from just the diaphragm to the diaphragm and all the secondary respiratory muscles
explain breath right strips for exercise
even though it opens nostrils, it will not do anything to internal passage ways… most breathing happenign with mouth when exercising
what increases o2 release from RBC’s?
1) low O2
2) high co2
3) Acidity (PH)
- if you alter the Ph, that will also stimulat the movement of O2 into the muscle
4) temperature
explain breathing heavy after a sprint, but it’s anaerobic
you work very hard anaerobically and generating a huge amount of hydrogen ions… to get rid of hydrogen ions, we can attach o2 to it to get it into H2O = breathing heavier
explain hyerventilation in a bag
CO2 levels in bag climb, you start breathing that back in and your body’s natural receptors comes back to reset breathing
what type of breathing is at rest?
quiet
diaphragm
how does air get to our lungs?
nose
pharynx/larynx
trachea
bronchii
what may happen if things go wrong with the bronchii?
exercise induced asthma
what is the acute response to breathing rate when exercising?
increases due to chemoreceptors
tells medulla oblongata to send signals to phrenic nerve to go to intercostal muscles to contract more forcefullt so you breath faster
what is the function of a mucous membrane?
lines trachea to catch foreign matter before it gets to lung tissue
are fewer larger breaths better, or shorter more frequent breaths? why?
fewer larger breaths because every breath we take in, the last 150ml of air does not reach lungs = if taking shallow breaths and a lot = that’s a lot of 150ml you’re subtracting from each breath
what kind of breathing is during exercise?
forced
- diaphragm, instercostals, and scalenes
how do inhalers work?
needs to be breathed in all the way to bronchiole tubes in order to work/get smooth muscle to relax
what ways can CO2 transport in blood?
1) converted into bicarbonate (80%)
- CO2 + H20 + carbonic anhydrase = bicarbonate
2) dissolved in plasma
3) bound to amino acids
what are the levels during oxygen diffusion?
PO2 = 159mm/Hg
PO2 = 105mm/HG in the alveoli
PO2 = 40mm/HG in the capillary
PO2 in blood = 40mm/Hg when blood reached lungs and 105mm/Hg when blood leaves lungs
how is air flow impacted when sick versus healthy?
when sick, air flow is restricted a bit
what is the strongest respiratory stimulus?
PCO2
what is physiologic dead space?
near the apex
little o2/co2 diffusion occurs here \
not much capillarization
how do we get respiratory control?
medulla oblongate
- phrenic nerve
- intercostal nerve
