respiratory physiology

Question 1

what are the levels of oxygen diffusion at the muscles?

Answer 1

Po2 in blood = 100mmHg of mercury

po2 in tissue = 40mmHg

Question 2

what are the levels of carbon dioxide diffusion?

Answer 2

pco2 in tissue = 45mmHg

pco2 in capillaries = 40mmHg

Question 3

what happens during aerobic exercise when sick?

Answer 3

we produce more muscous in trachea which restricts our air flow a bit

Question 4

what is anatomic deadspace?

Answer 4

the last bit of air you breath that does not make it to lungs before breathing back out

Question 5

what does the spirometer not tell you?

Answer 5

not every mL you breath in reaches your lungs, may only make it to trachea/bronchii

AKA anatomic dead space

Question 6

why is the bronchii lined with smooth muscle?

Answer 6

if bronchii gets damaged/irritated, the smooth muscle can go into spasm and narror the diameter of bronchial tubes

Question 7

what is the bronchii lined with?

Answer 7

smooth muscle

Question 8

during rest, what is inhalation and exhalation?

Answer 8

inhalation = active

exhalation = passive

Question 9

explain carbon dioxide diffusion

Answer 9

occuring the same time as o2 diffusion, just in opposite direction

Pco2 in deoxygenated blood = 45mm/Hg

Pco2 in alveoli = 40mm/Hg

Question 10

what is pulmonary diffusion?

Answer 10

gases move through a membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Question 11

what is exercise induced asthma?

Answer 11

spasm of bronchial smooth muscle = constriction of bronchial airway = less air flow

triggered by cold or dry air in bronchial lining

Question 12

what is a stitch?

Answer 12

pain response interpreted by brain from low o2 in respiratory muscles

forces you to reduce lead on respiratory muscles (AKA) slow you down

Question 13

what is the acute response to tidal volume during exercise?

Answer 13

increases because we switch from just the diaphragm to the diaphragm and all the secondary respiratory muscles

Question 14

explain breath right strips for exercise

Answer 14

even though it opens nostrils, it will not do anything to internal passage ways… most breathing happenign with mouth when exercising

Question 15

what increases o2 release from RBC’s?

Answer 15

1) low O2
2) high co2
3) Acidity (PH)
- if you alter the Ph, that will also stimulat the movement of O2 into the muscle
4) temperature

Question 16

explain breathing heavy after a sprint, but it’s anaerobic

Answer 16

you work very hard anaerobically and generating a huge amount of hydrogen ions… to get rid of hydrogen ions, we can attach o2 to it to get it into H2O = breathing heavier

Question 17

explain hyerventilation in a bag

Answer 17

CO2 levels in bag climb, you start breathing that back in and your body’s natural receptors comes back to reset breathing

Question 18

what type of breathing is at rest?

Answer 18

quiet

diaphragm

Question 19

how does air get to our lungs?

Answer 19

nose

pharynx/larynx

trachea

bronchii

Question 20

what may happen if things go wrong with the bronchii?

Answer 20

exercise induced asthma

Question 21

what is the acute response to breathing rate when exercising?

Answer 21

increases due to chemoreceptors

tells medulla oblongata to send signals to phrenic nerve to go to intercostal muscles to contract more forcefullt so you breath faster

Question 22

what is the function of a mucous membrane?

Answer 22

lines trachea to catch foreign matter before it gets to lung tissue

Question 23

are fewer larger breaths better, or shorter more frequent breaths? why?

Answer 23

fewer larger breaths because every breath we take in, the last 150ml of air does not reach lungs = if taking shallow breaths and a lot = that’s a lot of 150ml you’re subtracting from each breath

Question 24

what kind of breathing is during exercise?

Answer 24

forced

• diaphragm, instercostals, and scalenes

Question 25

how do inhalers work?

Answer 25

needs to be breathed in all the way to bronchiole tubes in order to work/get smooth muscle to relax

Question 26

what ways can CO2 transport in blood?

Answer 26

1) converted into bicarbonate (80%)
- CO2 + H20 + carbonic anhydrase = bicarbonate
2) dissolved in plasma
3) bound to amino acids

Question 27

what are the levels during oxygen diffusion?

Answer 27

PO2 = 159mm/Hg

PO2 = 105mm/HG in the alveoli

PO2 = 40mm/HG in the capillary

PO2 in blood = 40mm/Hg when blood reached lungs and 105mm/Hg when blood leaves lungs

Question 28

how is air flow impacted when sick versus healthy?

Answer 28

when sick, air flow is restricted a bit

Question 29

what is the strongest respiratory stimulus?

Answer 29

PCO2

Question 30

what is physiologic dead space?

Answer 30

near the apex

little o2/co2 diffusion occurs here \

not much capillarization

Question 31

how do we get respiratory control?

Answer 31

medulla oblongate

• phrenic nerve
• intercostal nerve