Respiratory Physiology Flashcards
Why do all cells need oxygen?
To make ATP
How do unicellular organisms get oxygen?
Via diffusion
Describe the passing of air in the lungs from the nose and mouth down in alveoli
nose and mouth > pharynx > larynx > trachea > primary bronchi > secondary bronchi > teriatiry bronchi > broncioles > terminal bronchioles > respiratory bronchioles > alevoli
What is the only area where gas exchange takes place and why does it not occur elsewhere?
In the alveoli, only occurs here but walls are 1 cell thick and everywhere else walls are too think for gas exchange
What are the areas that arent involved in gas exchange but pass air to the areas that are called?
The conducting zone
What parts of the respiratory system or past of the conducting zone and what parts arent?
nose and mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, primary, secondary tertiary bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles BUT NOT respiratory bronchioles and alveoli
What else can the conducting zone by referred to as?
The anatomic dead space (because no gas exchange occurs)
What volume of air is contained in the conducting zone?
150ml
If respiratory bronchioles and alveoli are not part of the conducting zone what zone do they make up?
The respiratory zone where gas exchange takes place
What are the components of the respiratory zone?
The respiratory bronchioles, the alveolar ducts and the alveoli
What is Boyles Law?
Pressure is inversely to volume - as one goes up the other goes down
How can boyles law be applied to respiration? (super long explanation)
In that when you breathe in the volume in the thoracic cavity expands due to the diaphragm flattening and that means the pressure in the thoracic cavity has decreased and is lower than the external pressure which causes air to rush in to balance it again (same for outside - when you breathe out the volume decreases, pressure increases higher than that of the outside so air rushes out)
What is the inspiratory reserve volume?
The volume you can breathe after you have taken a normal breath
What is expiratory reserve volume?
The volume you can breathe out once you have breathed out normally
What is the inspiratory capacity?
The inspiratory reserve volume + the resting tidal volume aka the amount of air you can inhale after you have just expired
What is the resting tidal volume?
The volume inspired and expired in normal breathing
what is the volume of the inspiratory reserve volume?
3000ml
What is the volume of the expiratory reserve volume?
1500ml
What is the inspiratory capacity volume?
3500ml
What is the resting tidal volume?
500ml
What is the vital capacity?
The inspiratory capacity (inspiratory reserve volume + resting tidal volume) + the experiatory reserve volume - aka the volume between forcefully inspiring and forcefully expiring
What is the volume of the vital capacity?
5000ml (3500 + 1500)
What is the residual volume?
The volume of air remaining in the lung after a full expiration (aka the total lung capacity minus the vital capacity)
What is the volume of the residual volume?
1000ml
What is the minimal volume?
The remaining volume in the lung that can only be measured when it is collapsed (about 30-120ml)
What is the functional residual capacity?
The expiratory reserve volume plus the resting tidal volume
What is the volume of the functional residual capacity?
2000ml (1500 + 500)
What is the total lung capacity and how would you work this out?
Vital capacity (IRV + RTV + ERV)(5000ml) plus the residual volume (1000ml) = 6000ml = 6L
What is respiratory minute volume?
The volume of air inspired of expired from a persons lungs per minute
How would you calculate the respiratory minute volume?
Resting tidal volume (500ml) x respiratory rate (12 bpm) = 6000ml/min
What is alveolar ventilation?
The volume of air inspired and expired from the alveoli to outside the body per minute
Why is alveolar ventilation different from respiratory minute volume?
It is less because there is always air in the conducting zone (the anatomic dead space volume of 150ml) that cant be exchanged so only 350ml of new air breathed in actually reaches the alveoli
How do you calculate the alveolar volume?
Air that reaches the alveoli per breath (350ml) x the respiratory rate (12 bpm) = 4200ml/min