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Sport And Exercise Science > Respiratory Physiology > Flashcards

Respiratory Physiology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

A

Taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide

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2
Q

What are the primary organs of the respiratory system?

A

Lungs

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3
Q

What is the site of gaseous exchange in the respiratory system?

A

Lungs

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4
Q

Why is it important for the respiratory system to interact with the cardiovascular system?

A

To facilitate the exchange of gases

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5
Q

What are the two structural divisions of the respiratory system?

A

Upper Respiratory Tract and Lower Respiratory Tract

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6
Q

List the components of the Upper Respiratory Tract.

A
  • Nasal cavity
  • Pharynx
  • Larynx
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7
Q

List the components of the Lower Respiratory Tract.

A
  • Trachea
  • Bronchi
  • Bronchioles
  • Alveoli
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8
Q

What are the two functional parts of the respiratory system?

A

Conducting Zone and Respiratory Zone

The Conducting Zone includes the structures involved in air passage, while the Respiratory Zone is involved in gas exchange.

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9
Q

List the components of the Conducting Zone.

A
  • Pharynx
  • Larynx
  • Trachea
  • Bronchi
  • Tertiary bronchioles
  • Bronchiole

The Conducting Zone is responsible for transporting air to the lungs.

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10
Q

What structures are included in the Upper Respiratory Tract?

A
  • Nose
  • Pharynx
  • Larynx

The Upper Respiratory Tract is involved in filtering, warming, and humidifying the air.

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11
Q

What is the primary function of the Respiratory Zone?

A

Gas exchange

The Respiratory Zone includes structures where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged.

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12
Q

List the components of the Respiratory Zone.

A
  • Respiratory bronchioles
  • Alveolar ducts
  • Alveolar sacs
  • Alveoli

The Respiratory Zone facilitates the exchange of gases with the blood.

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13
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ is a dome-shaped muscle that plays a crucial role in breathing.

A

Diaphragm

The diaphragm contracts and relaxes to help draw air into and expel air from the lungs.

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14
Q

What is the role of the Pleura in the respiratory system?

A

To provide a lubricated surface for the lungs to expand and contract

The pleura is a double-layered membrane surrounding the lungs.

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15
Q

True or False: The Bronchiole is part of the Conducting Zone.

A

True

Bronchioles are the smallest air passages in the Conducting Zone.

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16
Q

What is the function of the Frontal sinus?

A

To produce mucus and lighten the skull

The Frontal sinus is one of the paranasal sinuses that contribute to respiratory function.

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17
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ is responsible for the passage of air from the throat to the trachea.

A

Larynx

The larynx also contains the vocal cords and is involved in sound production.

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18
Q

What is the conducting portion of the respiratory system?

A

System of interconnecting cavities and tubes that conduct air into the lungs

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19
Q

What is the respiratory portion of the respiratory system?

A

System where the exchange of respiratory gases occurs

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20
Q

What lines the interior area of the nasal cavity?

A

A sticky mucous membrane

The mucous membrane helps trap particles and humidifies the air.

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21
Q

What divides the nasal cavity medially?

A

The nasal septum

The nasal septum separates the two nostrils.

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22
Q

What are nasal conchae?

A

Structures that divide the cavity into passageways

They help increase the surface area for warming and filtering air.

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23
Q

How do nasal conchae contribute to respiratory function?

A

They increase surface area to warm and filter incoming air

This enhances the efficiency of the respiratory system.

24
Q

What happens to particles trapped in the mucus of the nasal cavity?

A

They are carried to the pharynx by ciliary action

This mechanism helps clear debris and pathogens from the airways.

25
Q

Fill in the blank: Particles trapped in mucus are swallowed and carried to the stomach where ______ destroys any micro-organisms.

A

gastric juice

Gastric juice contains strong acids that can kill most microorganisms.

26
Q

What are the two main air passages into the lungs called?

A

Bronchi

The bronchi are crucial for airflow into the lungs.

27
Q

What are the primary bronchi that branch from the trachea?

A

Right and left primary bronchi

These are the initial divisions of the bronchial tree.

28
Q

What do the primary bronchi further subdivide into?

A

Bronchioles

The bronchioles are smaller branches that lead to alveolar ducts.

29
Q

What structures do bronchioles give rise to?

A

Alveolar ducts

Alveolar ducts lead to the alveoli, where gas exchange occurs.

30
Q

Where do alveolar ducts terminate?

A

Alveoli

Alveoli are the tiny air sacs where oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange happens.

31
Q

What are the alveoli?

A

The site where gas exchange takes place

32
Q

How many alveoli are there in the lungs?

A

Around 300 million

33
Q

What is the shape of the alveoli?

A

Cup-shaped pouching

34
Q

What lines the alveoli?

A

Epithelium

35
Q

What supports the alveoli?

A

A thin elastic basement membrane

36
Q

What are alveolar sacs?

A

2 or more alveoli that share a common opening

37
Q

What is the function of the moist lining in the alveoli?

A

To reduce friction

38
Q

What surrounds the alveoli?

A

A dense network of capillaries

39
Q

How many lobes does the right lung have?

A

Three lobes

40
Q

How many lobes does the left lung have?

A

Two lobes

41
Q

What is each lobe of the lung composed of?

A

Lobules

42
Q

Name four components contained within each lobule of the lung.

A
  • Air passages
  • Alveoli
  • Nerves
  • Blood vessels
  • Lymphatic vessels
  • Connective tissues
43
Q

True or False: The left lung has three lobes.

A

False

44
Q

Fill in the blank: The right lung has ______ lobes.

A

three

45
Q

Fill in the blank: The left lung has ______ lobes.

A

two

46
Q

What is the pleural cavity?

A

A layer of serous membrane between the visceral pleura and the parietal pleura.

47
Q

What does the pleural cavity contain?

A

A lubricating fluid secreted by the membranes.

48
Q

What is the function of the lubricating fluid in the pleural cavity?

A

Prevents friction between the membranes and allows their easy movement during breathing.

49
Q

True or False: The pleural cavity is located between the visceral pleura and the parietal pleura.

A

True

50
Q

What are the accessory inspiratory muscles?

A

Sternocleidomastoid muscle, Scalene muscles, Pectoralis minor muscle, Serratus anterior muscle

These muscles assist in the inhalation process by expanding the thoracic cavity.

51
Q

What is the primary inspiratory muscle?

A

Diaphragm

The diaphragm is the main muscle responsible for breathing, contracting to draw air into the lungs.

52
Q

Which muscles are considered primary inspiratory muscles?

A

Diaphragm, External intercostal muscles

These muscles play a crucial role in the process of inhalation.

53
Q

What are the accessory expiratory muscles?

A

Internal intercostal muscles, External abdominal obliques, Internal oblique muscle

These muscles assist in forced expiration by decreasing the volume of the thoracic cavity.

54
Q

Fill in the blank: The primary inspiratory muscle is the _______.

A

Diaphragm

55
Q

True or False: The external intercostal muscles are accessory inspiratory muscles.

A

False

The external intercostal muscles are primary inspiratory muscles.

56
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The movement from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Diffusion is a fundamental concept in various scientific fields, including biology and chemistry.

57
Q

What does Boyle’s Law state?

A

The pressure of a given gas is inversely proportional to its volume at constant temperature

Boyle’s Law is a key principle in gas physics, important for understanding how gases behave under different conditions.

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