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Sport And Exercise Science > Protein > Flashcards

Protein Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 essential amino acid

A

Valine
Leucine
Isoleucine

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2
Q

How does the compound composition of protein differ to carbs or fats

A

Amino acid have nitrogen

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3
Q

What bonds are between amino acids

A

Peptide bond

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4
Q

How many essential amino acid

A

9

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5
Q

How many non essential amino acid

A

11

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6
Q

Protein function

A

enzyme

Antibodies (Immunity )

Body tissue

Hormones

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7
Q

How to measure protein

A

Muscle biopsy
Isotope infusion

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8
Q

What are the different protein types

A

Casein
Whey
Concentrate
Isolate

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9
Q

What is casein

A

Slow digesting protein

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10
Q

Example of casein

A

Milk

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11
Q

When should casein be taken

A
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12
Q

What is whey protein

A

Fast digesting protein

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13
Q

What is concentrate

A

Non protein components

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14
Q

What is isolate

A

NO non protein components

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15
Q

What are High quality protein + examples

A

Contain all essential amino acids
Meat fish eggs dairy

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16
Q

What are low quality proteins + example

A

Do not contain all of the essential amino acids
Plant based
Grains nuts seed

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17
Q

Example of

A
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18
Q

What are the key enzymes involved in breaking down polypeptidesin small intestine

A

Trypsin
Chymotrypsin
Carboxylpeptidase

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19
Q

What is transamination

A

Protein broken down into energy

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20
Q

What is leucine

A

Amino acid that triggers muscle protein synthesis
Drive for muscle synthesis

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21
Q

Leucine threshold

A
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22
Q

What is it called when muscle fibres increase in size due to muscle protein synthesis and exercise synthesis

A

Muscle hypertrophy

23
Q

What does mps stand for

A

Muscle protein synthesis

24
Q

What does mpb stand for

A

Muscle protein breakdown

25
Q

What is the term used to describe the between MPS and MPB

A

NPB

26
Q

What does NPB stand for

A

Net protein balance

27
Q

How much protein should we consume

A

20-25g

28
Q

How often should we consume protein

A

3-4 hours

29
Q
A

Transamunation

30
Q

Why is ammonia removed

A

It’s a toxin to the brain

31
Q

How much protein can we store in our free amino acid pool

A

3G per kg of body mass

32
Q

What is an amino acid pool

A
33
Q

What enzyme breaks down protein in the stomach

A

Pepsin

34
Q

What is protein broken down into in the stomach

A

Polypeptide

35
Q

Where does the polypeptide move to after being broken down

A

Small intestine

36
Q

What are the polypeptides broken down into in the small intestine

A

Amino acid
Dipeptide
Tripeptide

37
Q

Where does the amino acid,dipeetide and tripe tide go to after bein in the stomach

A

Free amino acid pool

38
Q

What is deamination

A

Removal of nitrogen

39
Q

What cycle does ammonia get removed by

A

Urea cycle

40
Q

Why don’t we use Oreo tin as a form of energy

A

They enter at different stages in the kerb cycle
resulting in less ATP
less efficient

41
Q

What is transamunation

A

Transfer of nitrogen

42
Q

In the process of transamunation what does the amino acid bind with

A

AlphaKetogluterate

43
Q

What enzyme is involved in the breakdown of poly peptide in the small intestine

A

Trypsin

44
Q

What is a free amino acid pool

A

A storage tank

45
Q

What enzyme reacts with amino acid + alphaketoglutinate

A

Aminotransferase

46
Q

What product do we get from amino acid + alpha ketoglutinate

A

Keto acid
Glutamate

47
Q

What product gets the nitrogen

A

Glutamate

48
Q

Where does the keto acid go

A

Kreb cycle

49
Q

What happens to the glutamate

A

Undergoes deamination

50
Q

Role of the R group in protein

A

Determine where it goes in the kreb cycle

51
Q

In deamination where is the first place glutamate goes to

A

The liver

52
Q

In the liver what happens to glutamate

A

Remove nitrogen

53
Q

What is formed as a by product when nitrogen is remove from glutamate

A

Ammonia

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