Respiratory Pharmacology Flashcards
antitussives treat…
congestion
antitissives
- MOA
- often used in conjunction with…
- what type of cough it is used for
- short or long term
- efficacy
suppresses coughing
often used in conjunction with acetaminophen
used for a non-productive cough
short term use
efficacy is questionable, especially for non-prescription products
decongestants
- MOA
- side effect
alpha-1 adrenergic agonists
stimulate nasal vasoconstriction
can cause CNS excitation (headache, dizziness, nervousness, HTN, palpitations)
may cause rebound congestion when used long-term
drugs classes for congestion
antitissives
decongestants
antihistamines
mucolytics and expectorants
what does histamine do
regulates normal function
- gastric secretion
- CNS neural modulation
- allergies
antihistamines
- MOA
- function
- side effect
decreases nasal congestion, mucosal irritation, and discharge, and conjunctivitis
able to cross blood-brain barrier
-sedation
mucolytics and expectorants side effect
GI upset
mucolytic (Acetylcysteine)
- MOA
- used in combo with…
breaks disulfide bonds of mucoproteins, forming less viscous secretion
used in combo with other decongestants or antihistamines
expectorant (guaifenesin)
-MOA
increases production of pulmonary secretions, encouraging the ejection of mucus and phlegm
respiratory drugs for obstruction
bronchodilators
anti-inflammatory
bronchodilator drug classes
beta-adrenergic agonists
anti-cholinergics
xanthine derivatives
anti-inflammatory drug classes
glucocorticoids (corticosteroids)
cromones
leukotriene inhibitors
bronchodilators: beta-adrenergic agonists
- MOA
- administration route
- side effects
act on B-2 receptors on respiratory smooth muscle cells to cause relaxation and bronchodilation
administered by inhalation
-metered-dose inhalers
-dry power inhalers
-nebulizers
side effects
-airway irritation, nervousness, restlessness, tremor, increased HR
bronchodilators: anti-cholinergics
- MOA
- drugs of choice for…
- administration route
block muscarinic cholinergic rectpors to prevent bronchoconstriction
drugs of choice for COPD, chronic bronchitis
inhaled for Tx of respiratory disorders
anti-cholinergics
-side effects
dry mouth constipation urinary retention confusion blurred vision
bronchodilators: xanthine derivatives
- MOA
- administration route
- how common
MOA
-CNS stimulant for reversible airway obstruction
-works on smooth muscle cells to bronchodilate
-anti-inflammatory effect
administered orally
not used frequently anymore
-toxicity
anti-inflammatory: glucocorticoids
- most effective agents for _____
- MOA
- administration route
most effective for controlling asthma
induce anti-inflammatory effects
inhaled (leads to decrease side effects) or oral
anti-inflammatory: glucocorticoids
-side effects
thrush
osteoporosis, skin and muscle wasting
aggravation of diabetes mellitus
HTN
what is thrush
fungal infection
anti-inflammatory: cromones
- function
- MOA
- administration route
- side effects
can be used prophylactically to prevent asthma
inhibit inflammatory mediators from pulmonary mast cells
nasal spray, nebulizer
no serious side effects
anti-inflammatory: leukotriene inhibitors
- MOA
- can be combines with…
- side effect
inhibits lipoxygenase enzyme
-leukotrienes mediate airway inflammation
can be combined with glucocorticoids for optimal COPD and asthma management
few adverse effects, mild liver impairment
asthma pathophysiology
dual components of inflammation and bronchospasm
inflammation of airway sensitizes it to bronchospasms
asthma long-term management
shift recently to more anti-inflammatory drugs
long acting beta-blockers should not be used alone
rescue inhalers as a backup
combined preparations (glucocorticoid + bronchodilator)
COPD management philosophy
prevent airflow restriction, maintain airway patency = anticholinergics/beta-adrenergic blockers
short-term
-oral glucocorticoids
-combined preparations
conclusions and summary points
exercise can exacerbate asthma
bring rescue inhaler to treatment sessions
be aware of side effects of bronchodilators
-increased HR
-arrhythmais
-nervousness, confusion, signs of toxicity
make adjustments to tissue loading in the case of long-term glucocorticoid use
