Coagulates and Dyslipidemia

Question 1

DVT definition

Answer 1

clot in the venous system, generally the legs due to poor flow

Question 2

pulmonary embolism definition

Answer 2

clot in the pulmonary veins, commonly emboli from a DVT

Question 3

coagulation medications

-classes

Answer 3

antithrombotic agents
antiplatelet agents
anticoagulant agents
thrombolytic agents

Question 4

antithrombotic agents

-what is it?

Answer 4

broad term for a drug taht has antiplatelet or anticoagulant agent

Question 5

antiplatelet agents

-function

Answer 5

inhibit platelet function

Question 6

anticoagulant agents

-function

Answer 6

alter clotting factors and prevent thrombus formation

Question 7

thrombolytic agents

-function

Answer 7

help break down thrombus once formed –> restore flow

Question 8

heparins

• what are they
• how do they work

Answer 8

anticoagulants

prevent clot formation by controlling function and synthesis of clotting factors

Question 9

anticoagulants: heparin

- therapeutic uses

Answer 9

ACS
atrial fibrillation
venous thromboembolism

Question 10

anticoagulants: heparin

- monitoring

Answer 10

s/s of bleeding

can see bruising near site of injection (stomach region)

Question 11

anticoagulants: heparin

- side effects and cautions/contraindications

Answer 11

bleeding

thrombocytopenia

Question 12

anticoagulants: heparin
- when is it used
- how is it delivered
- derived from…

Answer 12

commonly the initial agent used
not orally bioavailable, can only be given VI or subcutaneously
derived from pork

Question 13

heparin induced thrombocytopenia

-what is it

Answer 13

fall in platelets relates to heparin use
-will occur between 5-10 days after heparin exposure
high rate of thrombus formation –> amputation/death

Question 14

anticoagulants: LMWH

- therapeutic uses

Answer 14

ACS

venous thromboembolism

Question 15

anticoagulants: LMWH

- monitoring

Answer 15

S/S of bleeding

Question 16

anticoagulants: LMWH

- side effects and cautions

Answer 16

bleeding

thrombocytopenia

Question 17

anticoagulant agents

Answer 17

UFH
LMWH
factor Xa inhibitor
Warfarin
direct thrombin inhibitor
oral factor-Xa inhibitor

Question 18

Warfarin uses

Answer 18

treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE)

valvular heart disease

Question 19

what is the reversal agent of Warfarin

Answer 19

vitamin K

Question 20

warfarin

-what types of foods can contradict its function

Answer 20

green, leafy vegetables

Question 21

Warfarin

-side effects

Answer 21

bleeding

skin necrosis

Question 22

direct thrombin inhibitor

-therapeutic

Answer 22

non-valvular atrial fib
treatment and secondary prevention of VTE
VTE prophylaxis after hip and knee surgery

Question 23

anticoagulant

• side effect
• use

Answer 23

side effect
-bleeding
use
-venous thromboembolism

Question 24

antiplatelet agents

Answer 24

aspirin

P2Y12 inhibitors

Question 25

aspirin

-therapeutic uses

Answer 25

chronic stable/unstable angina
primary/secondary MI prevention
TIA/stroke
atrial fib

Question 26

aspirin

-side effects

Answer 26

GI intolerance

bleeding

Question 27

P2Y12 inhibitors

-used with

Answer 27

used with aspirin

Question 28

P2Y12 inhibitors

-side effects

Answer 28

bleeding
headache
dyspnea (ticagrelor only)

Question 29

clinical presentation of a GI bleed

Answer 29

bloody, tarry stool

coffee ground vomit

Question 30

antiplatelets: glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors

- mechanism

Answer 30

inhibits platelet aggregation by preventing fibrinogem from binding to the GP IIb/IIIa receptor

Question 31

thrombolytics

-what do they do

Answer 31

break down already formed thrombus –> reestablishing blood flow

Question 32

thrombolytics

-therapeutic uses

Answer 32

stroke
AMI
massive PE
catheter clearance

Question 33

thrombolytics monitoring

Answer 33

bleeding and vitals

Question 34

atherosclerosis –>

Answer 34

thrombosis –> infarction

Question 35

statins (HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors)

-actions

Answer 35

decrease cholesterol production in the liver

up-regulate LDL surface receptors –> increased LDL breakdown and decreased VLDL production –> decreased LDL production

Question 36

statins

-therapeutic uses

Answer 36

dyslipidemia
post MI
primary prevention of CV disease

Question 37

statins

-side effects

Answer 37

headache
GI
myalgia
rhabdomyolysis

Question 38

when is the best time to take a statin

Answer 38

at bedtime

Question 39

lipid lowering agents

Answer 39

statins
fibric acid derivatives
nicotinic acid (Niacin)
bile acid sequesterants
Ezetimibe

Question 40

special considerations for these medications

Answer 40

be aware of the increased risk of bleeding in patients on anticoagulant medications
-especially post-hip/knee surgery
be aware of patients with hemophilia
watch out for myopathies secondary to lipid lowering agents
help with compliance (pharm and non-pharm)

Question 41

what to know for quiz

Answer 41

drug

• class
• mechanism
• side effects
• purpose
• why a PT should care