Coagulates and Dyslipidemia Flashcards
DVT definition
clot in the venous system, generally the legs due to poor flow
pulmonary embolism definition
clot in the pulmonary veins, commonly emboli from a DVT
coagulation medications
-classes
antithrombotic agents
antiplatelet agents
anticoagulant agents
thrombolytic agents
antithrombotic agents
-what is it?
broad term for a drug taht has antiplatelet or anticoagulant agent
antiplatelet agents
-function
inhibit platelet function
anticoagulant agents
-function
alter clotting factors and prevent thrombus formation
thrombolytic agents
-function
help break down thrombus once formed –> restore flow
heparins
- what are they
- how do they work
anticoagulants
prevent clot formation by controlling function and synthesis of clotting factors
anticoagulants: heparin
- therapeutic uses
ACS
atrial fibrillation
venous thromboembolism
anticoagulants: heparin
- monitoring
s/s of bleeding
can see bruising near site of injection (stomach region)
anticoagulants: heparin
- side effects and cautions/contraindications
bleeding
thrombocytopenia
anticoagulants: heparin
- when is it used
- how is it delivered
- derived from…
commonly the initial agent used
not orally bioavailable, can only be given VI or subcutaneously
derived from pork
heparin induced thrombocytopenia
-what is it
fall in platelets relates to heparin use
-will occur between 5-10 days after heparin exposure
high rate of thrombus formation –> amputation/death
anticoagulants: LMWH
- therapeutic uses
ACS
venous thromboembolism
anticoagulants: LMWH
- monitoring
S/S of bleeding
anticoagulants: LMWH
- side effects and cautions
bleeding
thrombocytopenia
anticoagulant agents
UFH LMWH factor Xa inhibitor Warfarin direct thrombin inhibitor oral factor-Xa inhibitor
Warfarin uses
treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE)
valvular heart disease
what is the reversal agent of Warfarin
vitamin K
warfarin
-what types of foods can contradict its function
green, leafy vegetables
Warfarin
-side effects
bleeding
skin necrosis
direct thrombin inhibitor
-therapeutic
non-valvular atrial fib
treatment and secondary prevention of VTE
VTE prophylaxis after hip and knee surgery
anticoagulant
- side effect
- use
side effect
-bleeding
use
-venous thromboembolism
antiplatelet agents
aspirin
P2Y12 inhibitors
aspirin
-therapeutic uses
chronic stable/unstable angina
primary/secondary MI prevention
TIA/stroke
atrial fib
aspirin
-side effects
GI intolerance
bleeding
P2Y12 inhibitors
-used with
used with aspirin
P2Y12 inhibitors
-side effects
bleeding
headache
dyspnea (ticagrelor only)
clinical presentation of a GI bleed
bloody, tarry stool
coffee ground vomit
antiplatelets: glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors
- mechanism
inhibits platelet aggregation by preventing fibrinogem from binding to the GP IIb/IIIa receptor
thrombolytics
-what do they do
break down already formed thrombus –> reestablishing blood flow
thrombolytics
-therapeutic uses
stroke
AMI
massive PE
catheter clearance
thrombolytics monitoring
bleeding and vitals
atherosclerosis –>
thrombosis –> infarction
statins (HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors)
-actions
decrease cholesterol production in the liver
up-regulate LDL surface receptors –> increased LDL breakdown and decreased VLDL production –> decreased LDL production
statins
-therapeutic uses
dyslipidemia
post MI
primary prevention of CV disease
statins
-side effects
headache
GI
myalgia
rhabdomyolysis
when is the best time to take a statin
at bedtime
lipid lowering agents
statins fibric acid derivatives nicotinic acid (Niacin) bile acid sequesterants Ezetimibe
special considerations for these medications
be aware of the increased risk of bleeding in patients on anticoagulant medications
-especially post-hip/knee surgery
be aware of patients with hemophilia
watch out for myopathies secondary to lipid lowering agents
help with compliance (pharm and non-pharm)
what to know for quiz
drug
- class
- mechanism
- side effects
- purpose
- why a PT should care
