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Wolfpacc Clues > Respiratory pharmacology > Flashcards

Respiratory pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Adverse Effects of Isoproterenol?

A

Tachycardia (B1)

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2
Q

What is the indication for Salmeterol?

A

Long acting agent for Prophylaxis (asthma/COPD)

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3
Q

What are the Adverse Effects of Methylxanthines?

A

Cardiotoxicity, Neurotoxicity

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4
Q

What are the indications for 1st generation H1 blockers?

A

Allergy, motion sickness, sleep aid

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5
Q

What are the indications for Guaifenesin?

A

Minor upper respiratory tract infections, common cold w/cough

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6
Q

What is the Mechanism of Action of Pseudoephedrine, Phenylephrine?

A

Sympathomimetic alpha-agonists, non-prescription nasal decongestants

–pseudoephedrine is alpha-1 specific–

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7
Q

What is the Mechanism of Action of a Muscarinic Antagonist?

A

Competitively block Muscarinic receptors Preventing bronchoconstriction

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8
Q

What are the indications for Bosentan?

A

Pulmonary Hypertension

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9
Q

What is the Mechanism of Action of Anti-Leukotriene?

A

5-lipoxygenase inhibitor -> inhibits conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotriene -> prevents bronchoconstriction and inflammatory cell infiltrate

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10
Q

What are the indications for Pseudoephedrine, Phenylephrine?

A

Reduces Hyperemesis, Edema, Nasal Congestion, and opens obstructed Eustachian Tubes

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11
Q

What are the 2nd generation H1 blockers?

A

Loratadine, Fexofenadine, Desloratadine, Cetirizine

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12
Q

What is the Mechanism of Action of Albuterol?

A

B2 agonist; relaxes bronchial smooth muscle.

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13
Q

What are the Adverse Effects of Corticosteroids?

A

Osteoporosis, Cushingoid reaction, Psychosis, glucose intolerance, infection, hypertension, cataracts

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14
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Isoproterenol?

A

Non-specific, -B-agonists; relaxes bronchial smooth muscle (B2)

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15
Q

What is the Mechanism of Action of Guaifenesin?

A

Removes excess sputum but does not suppress cough reflex

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16
Q

What are the 1st generation H1 blockers?

A

Diphenhydramine, Dimenhydrinate, Chlorpheniramine

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17
Q

What are the Anti-Leukotriene drugs?

A

Zileuton, Zafirlukast, Montelukast (aspirin induced asthma)

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18
Q

What are the Expectorants?

A

Guaifenesin, N-acetylcysteine

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19
Q

What are the indications for 2nd generation H1 blockers?

A

Allergies

20
Q

What are the indications for Corticosteroids?

A

Chronic Asthma, COPD

21
Q

What are the Adverse Effects of Pseudoephedrine, Phenylephrine?

A

Hypertension, CNS stimulation/anxiety

22
Q

What is the indication for Albuterol?

A

Acute exacerbation of asthama

23
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Bosentan?

A

Competitively antagonizes endothelium-1 receptors decreasing pulmonary vascular resistance

24
Q

What is the Mechanism of Action of Corticosteroids?

A

Inhibits Leukotriene synthesis -> reduces inflammation and leads to bronchodilation

25
Q

What is the Muscarinic Antagonist drug used for Asthma?

A

Ipratropium

26
Q

What is the indication for Isoproterenol?

A

Bronchoconstriction due to sympathetic tone

27
Q

What is the indication for Methacholine?

A

Asthma challenge testing

28
Q

What are the Methylxanthines?

A

Theophylline

29
Q

What are the Adverse Effects of the 1st generation H1 blockers?

A

Sedation, anti-muscarinic (“hot as a hare…”), anti-alpha adrenergic (sudden drop in BP)

30
Q

What are the indications for Cromolyn Sodium?

A

Asthma prophylaxis

31
Q

What are the Corticosteroid drugs?

A

Beclomethasone, Prednisone

32
Q

What is the Mechanism of Action of H1 Blockers?

A

Reversible inhibitors of H1 Histamine receptors.

33
Q

What is the Indication for Methylxanthines?

A

Asthma

34
Q

What is the Mechanism of Action of Cromolyn Sodium?

A

Prevents the release of mediators from mast cells

35
Q

What are the Adverse Effects of Salmeterol?

A

Tremor and arrhythmia

36
Q

What is the Mechanism of Action of Methacholine?

A

Muscarinic receptor agonist

37
Q

What are the effects of 2nd generation H1 blockers?

A

Far less sedating than the 1st generation because of the decreased entry into the CNS

38
Q

What is the Mechanism of Action of Methylxanthines?

A

Inhibit Phosphodiesterase (PDE) -> decreases cAMP Hydrolysis promoting bronchodilation (so INCREASED cAMP)

39
Q

What is the Mechanism of Action of Dextromethorphan?

A

Anti-tussive; antagonizes NMDA glutamate receptors

40
Q

What are the indications for Anti-Leukotrienes?

A

Asthma, aspirin induced asthma

41
Q

What are the indications for N-acetylcysteine?

A

CF patients and antidote for Acetaminophen overdose

42
Q

What is the indication for a Muscarinic Antagonist?

A

Asthma, COPD

43
Q

What are the Adverse Effects of Dextromethorphan?

A

Mild opioid effect so mild abuse potential

44
Q

What is the Mechanism of Action of Salmeterol?

A

B2 agonist; relaxes bronchial smooth muscle

**Long acting = LABA

45
Q

What is the Mechanism of Action of N-acetylcysteine?

A

Loosen mucus plugs by breaking disulfide bonds

Wolfpacc Clues (3 decks)

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