Respiratory pharmacology Flashcards
What are the Adverse Effects of Isoproterenol?
Tachycardia (B1)
What is the indication for Salmeterol?
Long acting agent for Prophylaxis (asthma/COPD)
What are the Adverse Effects of Methylxanthines?
Cardiotoxicity, Neurotoxicity
What are the indications for 1st generation H1 blockers?
Allergy, motion sickness, sleep aid
What are the indications for Guaifenesin?
Minor upper respiratory tract infections, common cold w/cough
What is the Mechanism of Action of Pseudoephedrine, Phenylephrine?
Sympathomimetic alpha-agonists, non-prescription nasal decongestants
–pseudoephedrine is alpha-1 specific–
What is the Mechanism of Action of a Muscarinic Antagonist?
Competitively block Muscarinic receptors Preventing bronchoconstriction
What are the indications for Bosentan?
Pulmonary Hypertension
What is the Mechanism of Action of Anti-Leukotriene?
5-lipoxygenase inhibitor -> inhibits conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotriene -> prevents bronchoconstriction and inflammatory cell infiltrate
What are the indications for Pseudoephedrine, Phenylephrine?
Reduces Hyperemesis, Edema, Nasal Congestion, and opens obstructed Eustachian Tubes
What are the 2nd generation H1 blockers?
Loratadine, Fexofenadine, Desloratadine, Cetirizine
What is the Mechanism of Action of Albuterol?
B2 agonist; relaxes bronchial smooth muscle.
What are the Adverse Effects of Corticosteroids?
Osteoporosis, Cushingoid reaction, Psychosis, glucose intolerance, infection, hypertension, cataracts
What is the mechanism of action of Isoproterenol?
Non-specific, -B-agonists; relaxes bronchial smooth muscle (B2)
What is the Mechanism of Action of Guaifenesin?
Removes excess sputum but does not suppress cough reflex
What are the 1st generation H1 blockers?
Diphenhydramine, Dimenhydrinate, Chlorpheniramine
What are the Anti-Leukotriene drugs?
Zileuton, Zafirlukast, Montelukast (aspirin induced asthma)
What are the Expectorants?
Guaifenesin, N-acetylcysteine
What are the indications for 2nd generation H1 blockers?
Allergies
What are the indications for Corticosteroids?
Chronic Asthma, COPD
What are the Adverse Effects of Pseudoephedrine, Phenylephrine?
Hypertension, CNS stimulation/anxiety
What is the indication for Albuterol?
Acute exacerbation of asthama
What is the mechanism of action of Bosentan?
Competitively antagonizes endothelium-1 receptors decreasing pulmonary vascular resistance
What is the Mechanism of Action of Corticosteroids?
Inhibits Leukotriene synthesis -> reduces inflammation and leads to bronchodilation
What is the Muscarinic Antagonist drug used for Asthma?
Ipratropium
What is the indication for Isoproterenol?
Bronchoconstriction due to sympathetic tone
What is the indication for Methacholine?
Asthma challenge testing
What are the Methylxanthines?
Theophylline
What are the Adverse Effects of the 1st generation H1 blockers?
Sedation, anti-muscarinic (“hot as a hare…”), anti-alpha adrenergic (sudden drop in BP)
What are the indications for Cromolyn Sodium?
Asthma prophylaxis
What are the Corticosteroid drugs?
Beclomethasone, Prednisone
What is the Mechanism of Action of H1 Blockers?
Reversible inhibitors of H1 Histamine receptors.
What is the Indication for Methylxanthines?
Asthma
What is the Mechanism of Action of Cromolyn Sodium?
Prevents the release of mediators from mast cells
What are the Adverse Effects of Salmeterol?
Tremor and arrhythmia
What is the Mechanism of Action of Methacholine?
Muscarinic receptor agonist
What are the effects of 2nd generation H1 blockers?
Far less sedating than the 1st generation because of the decreased entry into the CNS
What is the Mechanism of Action of Methylxanthines?
Inhibit Phosphodiesterase (PDE) -> decreases cAMP Hydrolysis promoting bronchodilation (so INCREASED cAMP)
What is the Mechanism of Action of Dextromethorphan?
Anti-tussive; antagonizes NMDA glutamate receptors
What are the indications for Anti-Leukotrienes?
Asthma, aspirin induced asthma
What are the indications for N-acetylcysteine?
CF patients and antidote for Acetaminophen overdose
What is the indication for a Muscarinic Antagonist?
Asthma, COPD
What are the Adverse Effects of Dextromethorphan?
Mild opioid effect so mild abuse potential
What is the Mechanism of Action of Salmeterol?
B2 agonist; relaxes bronchial smooth muscle
**Long acting = LABA
What is the Mechanism of Action of N-acetylcysteine?
Loosen mucus plugs by breaking disulfide bonds
