Respiratory pharmacology

Question 1

What are the Adverse Effects of Isoproterenol?

Answer 1

Tachycardia (B1)

Question 2

What is the indication for Salmeterol?

Answer 2

Long acting agent for Prophylaxis (asthma/COPD)

Question 3

What are the Adverse Effects of Methylxanthines?

Answer 3

Cardiotoxicity, Neurotoxicity

Question 4

What are the indications for 1st generation H1 blockers?

Answer 4

Allergy, motion sickness, sleep aid

Question 5

What are the indications for Guaifenesin?

Answer 5

Minor upper respiratory tract infections, common cold w/cough

Question 6

What is the Mechanism of Action of Pseudoephedrine, Phenylephrine?

Answer 6

Sympathomimetic alpha-agonists, non-prescription nasal decongestants

–pseudoephedrine is alpha-1 specific–

Question 7

What is the Mechanism of Action of a Muscarinic Antagonist?

Answer 7

Competitively block Muscarinic receptors Preventing bronchoconstriction

Question 8

What are the indications for Bosentan?

Answer 8

Pulmonary Hypertension

Question 9

What is the Mechanism of Action of Anti-Leukotriene?

Answer 9

5-lipoxygenase inhibitor -> inhibits conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotriene -> prevents bronchoconstriction and inflammatory cell infiltrate

Question 10

What are the indications for Pseudoephedrine, Phenylephrine?

Answer 10

Reduces Hyperemesis, Edema, Nasal Congestion, and opens obstructed Eustachian Tubes

Question 11

What are the 2nd generation H1 blockers?

Answer 11

Loratadine, Fexofenadine, Desloratadine, Cetirizine

Question 12

What is the Mechanism of Action of Albuterol?

Answer 12

B2 agonist; relaxes bronchial smooth muscle.

Question 13

What are the Adverse Effects of Corticosteroids?

Answer 13

Osteoporosis, Cushingoid reaction, Psychosis, glucose intolerance, infection, hypertension, cataracts

Question 14

What is the mechanism of action of Isoproterenol?

Answer 14

Non-specific, -B-agonists; relaxes bronchial smooth muscle (B2)

Question 15

What is the Mechanism of Action of Guaifenesin?

Answer 15

Removes excess sputum but does not suppress cough reflex

Question 16

What are the 1st generation H1 blockers?

Answer 16

Diphenhydramine, Dimenhydrinate, Chlorpheniramine

Question 17

What are the Anti-Leukotriene drugs?

Answer 17

Zileuton, Zafirlukast, Montelukast (aspirin induced asthma)

Question 18

What are the Expectorants?

Answer 18

Guaifenesin, N-acetylcysteine

Question 19

What are the indications for 2nd generation H1 blockers?

Answer 19

Allergies

Question 20

What are the indications for Corticosteroids?

Answer 20

Chronic Asthma, COPD

Question 21

What are the Adverse Effects of Pseudoephedrine, Phenylephrine?

Answer 21

Hypertension, CNS stimulation/anxiety

Question 22

What is the indication for Albuterol?

Answer 22

Acute exacerbation of asthama

Question 23

What is the mechanism of action of Bosentan?

Answer 23

Competitively antagonizes endothelium-1 receptors decreasing pulmonary vascular resistance

Question 24

What is the Mechanism of Action of Corticosteroids?

Answer 24

Inhibits Leukotriene synthesis -> reduces inflammation and leads to bronchodilation

Question 25

What is the Muscarinic Antagonist drug used for Asthma?

Answer 25

Ipratropium

Question 26

What is the indication for Isoproterenol?

Answer 26

Bronchoconstriction due to sympathetic tone

Question 27

What is the indication for Methacholine?

Answer 27

Asthma challenge testing

Question 28

What are the Methylxanthines?

Answer 28

Theophylline

Question 29

What are the Adverse Effects of the 1st generation H1 blockers?

Answer 29

Sedation, anti-muscarinic ("hot as a hare..."), anti-alpha adrenergic (sudden drop in BP)

Question 30

What are the indications for Cromolyn Sodium?

Answer 30

Asthma prophylaxis

Question 31

What are the Corticosteroid drugs?

Answer 31

Beclomethasone, Prednisone

Question 32

What is the Mechanism of Action of H1 Blockers?

Answer 32

Reversible inhibitors of H1 Histamine receptors.

Question 33

What is the Indication for Methylxanthines?

Answer 33

Asthma

Question 34

What is the Mechanism of Action of Cromolyn Sodium?

Answer 34

Prevents the release of mediators from mast cells

Question 35

What are the Adverse Effects of Salmeterol?

Answer 35

Tremor and arrhythmia

Question 36

What is the Mechanism of Action of Methacholine?

Answer 36

Muscarinic receptor agonist

Question 37

What are the effects of 2nd generation H1 blockers?

Answer 37

Far less sedating than the 1st generation because of the decreased entry into the CNS

Question 38

What is the Mechanism of Action of Methylxanthines?

Answer 38

Inhibit Phosphodiesterase (PDE) -> decreases cAMP Hydrolysis promoting bronchodilation (so INCREASED cAMP)

Question 39

What is the Mechanism of Action of Dextromethorphan?

Answer 39

Anti-tussive; antagonizes NMDA glutamate receptors

Question 40

What are the indications for Anti-Leukotrienes?

Answer 40

Asthma, aspirin induced asthma

Question 41

What are the indications for N-acetylcysteine?

Answer 41

CF patients and antidote for Acetaminophen overdose

Question 42

What is the indication for a Muscarinic Antagonist?

Answer 42

Asthma, COPD

Question 43

What are the Adverse Effects of Dextromethorphan?

Answer 43

Mild opioid effect so mild abuse potential

Question 44

What is the Mechanism of Action of Salmeterol?

Answer 44

B2 agonist; relaxes bronchial smooth muscle **Long acting = LABA

Question 45

What is the Mechanism of Action of N-acetylcysteine?

Answer 45

Loosen mucus plugs by breaking disulfide bonds