Respiratory pharmacology Flashcards by Abdullah Bukhari

What are the Adverse Effects of Isoproterenol?

Tachycardia (B1)

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What is the indication for Salmeterol?

Long acting agent for Prophylaxis (asthma/COPD)

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What are the Adverse Effects of Methylxanthines?

Cardiotoxicity, Neurotoxicity

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What are the indications for 1st generation H1 blockers?

Allergy, motion sickness, sleep aid

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What are the indications for Guaifenesin?

Minor upper respiratory tract infections, common cold w/cough

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What is the Mechanism of Action of Pseudoephedrine, Phenylephrine?

Sympathomimetic alpha-agonists, non-prescription nasal decongestants

–pseudoephedrine is alpha-1 specific–

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What is the Mechanism of Action of a Muscarinic Antagonist?

Competitively block Muscarinic receptors Preventing bronchoconstriction

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What are the indications for Bosentan?

Pulmonary Hypertension

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What is the Mechanism of Action of Anti-Leukotriene?

5-lipoxygenase inhibitor -> inhibits conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotriene -> prevents bronchoconstriction and inflammatory cell infiltrate

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What are the indications for Pseudoephedrine, Phenylephrine?

Reduces Hyperemesis, Edema, Nasal Congestion, and opens obstructed Eustachian Tubes

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What are the 2nd generation H1 blockers?

Loratadine, Fexofenadine, Desloratadine, Cetirizine

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What is the Mechanism of Action of Albuterol?

B2 agonist; relaxes bronchial smooth muscle.

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What are the Adverse Effects of Corticosteroids?

Osteoporosis, Cushingoid reaction, Psychosis, glucose intolerance, infection, hypertension, cataracts

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What is the mechanism of action of Isoproterenol?

Non-specific, -B-agonists; relaxes bronchial smooth muscle (B2)

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What is the Mechanism of Action of Guaifenesin?

Removes excess sputum but does not suppress cough reflex

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What are the 1st generation H1 blockers?

Diphenhydramine, Dimenhydrinate, Chlorpheniramine

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What are the Anti-Leukotriene drugs?

Zileuton, Zafirlukast, Montelukast (aspirin induced asthma)

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What are the Expectorants?

Guaifenesin, N-acetylcysteine

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What are the indications for 2nd generation H1 blockers?

Allergies

What are the indications for Corticosteroids?

Chronic Asthma, COPD

What are the Adverse Effects of Pseudoephedrine, Phenylephrine?

Hypertension, CNS stimulation/anxiety

What is the indication for Albuterol?

Acute exacerbation of asthama

What is the mechanism of action of Bosentan?

Competitively antagonizes endothelium-1 receptors decreasing pulmonary vascular resistance

What is the Mechanism of Action of Corticosteroids?

Inhibits Leukotriene synthesis -> reduces inflammation and leads to bronchodilation

What is the Muscarinic Antagonist drug used for Asthma?

Ipratropium

What is the indication for Isoproterenol?

Bronchoconstriction due to sympathetic tone

What is the indication for Methacholine?

Asthma challenge testing

What are the Methylxanthines?

Theophylline

What are the Adverse Effects of the 1st generation H1 blockers?

Sedation, anti-muscarinic ("hot as a hare..."), anti-alpha adrenergic (sudden drop in BP)

What are the indications for Cromolyn Sodium?

Asthma prophylaxis

What are the Corticosteroid drugs?

Beclomethasone, Prednisone

What is the Mechanism of Action of H1 Blockers?

Reversible inhibitors of H1 Histamine receptors.

What is the Indication for Methylxanthines?

Asthma

What is the Mechanism of Action of Cromolyn Sodium?

Prevents the release of mediators from mast cells

What are the Adverse Effects of Salmeterol?

Tremor and arrhythmia

What is the Mechanism of Action of Methacholine?

Muscarinic receptor agonist

What are the effects of 2nd generation H1 blockers?

Far less sedating than the 1st generation because of the decreased entry into the CNS

What is the Mechanism of Action of Methylxanthines?

Inhibit Phosphodiesterase (PDE) -> decreases cAMP Hydrolysis promoting bronchodilation (so INCREASED cAMP)

What is the Mechanism of Action of Dextromethorphan?

Anti-tussive; antagonizes NMDA glutamate receptors

What are the indications for Anti-Leukotrienes?

Asthma, aspirin induced asthma

What are the indications for N-acetylcysteine?

CF patients and antidote for Acetaminophen overdose

What is the indication for a Muscarinic Antagonist?

Asthma, COPD

What are the Adverse Effects of Dextromethorphan?

Mild opioid effect so mild abuse potential

What is the Mechanism of Action of Salmeterol?

B2 agonist; relaxes bronchial smooth muscle **Long acting = LABA

What is the Mechanism of Action of N-acetylcysteine?

Loosen mucus plugs by breaking disulfide bonds