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Wolfpacc Clues > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

How to know it’s an aerobic infection?

A

Gas and bad odor

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2
Q

What makes an adequate sputum sample?

A

<10 epithelial cells and > 25 leukocytes per low power field

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3
Q

What bug causes Acute bacterial endocarditis?

A

Staphylococcus aureus (attacks healthy valves)

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4
Q

What bug cause subacute bacterial endocarditis ?

A

Strep Viridans (attacks previously damaged valves)

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5
Q

What is most common organism that damages valves?

A

Strep pyogenes (rheumatic fever)

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6
Q

How do you diagnose rheumatic fever?

A

Need at least 2 of the “specc”

S- subcutaneous nodules
P- polyarthritis
E- erythema marginatum
C- chorea (sydenham’s chorea)
C- Carditis (MS>AS>TS) “MAT”

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7
Q

What are the only gram negative diplococci?

A

Neisseria and Moraxella

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8
Q

What is only gram positive diplococci?

A

Streptococcus pneumonia

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9
Q

Five organisms that cause heart infections?

A

“Don’t TeLL Chaga”

D- Diphtheria
T- Typhoid Fever (salmonella typhi)
L- Legionella
L- Lyme disease
C- Chacha’s disease (whipple’s)

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10
Q

What are IgA protease organisms?

A
  • Strep pneumonia
  • H. Influenza
  • N. Saprophyticus
  • Moraxella Catarrhalis
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11
Q

what does IgA protease organism cause?

A
  • Sinusitis
  • Otitis Media
  • Pneumonia/ Bronchitis
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12
Q

what is Simple Gram negative bacteria?

A

Is gram Negative that lacks LPS (Lipopolysaccharides) e.g H. Influenza

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13
Q

what are atypical (no cell wall) bacteria?

A

” CLUMsy “

C- Chlamydia
L- Legionella
U- Ureaplasma
M- Mycoplasma

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14
Q

what is only gram positive with endotoxin?

A

Listeria

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15
Q

what are gram negatives with exotoxins?

A
  • H. Influenza
  • Bordetella Pertussis
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16
Q

what are spore forming gram positive bacteria?

A
  • Bacillus
  • Clostridium
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17
Q

what organism causes atypical pneumonia?

A
  • 0-2 months: Chlamydia Pneumophilia
  • 10-30 yrs: Mycoplasma Pneumonia
  • > 40 yrs: Legionella Pneumophilia
  • AIDS & Immunocompromised patients: Pneumocystis Carinii
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18
Q

what causes cryoglobulinemia?

A

” I AM He “

I- Influenza Virus
A- Adenovirus
M- Mycoplasma
H- Hep B & C

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19
Q

what are silver stainers?

A
  • H. Pylori
  • Legionella
  • Vibrio
  • Campylobacter
  • Bartonella
  • Pneumocystis
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20
Q

what bacteria causes diarrhea <8hrs after introduction?

A

” CBS “

C- Clostridium
B- Bacillus Cereus
S- Staph Aureus

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21
Q

What are encapsulated gram negatives?

A

” Some Killers Have Pretty Nice Capsules “

S- Salmonella
K- Klebsiella
H- H. Influenza B
P- Pseudomonas
N- Neisseria
C- Citrobacter

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22
Q

What is encapsulated gram positive?

A

Strep. Pneumonia
(Has polysaccharide capsule)

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23
Q

What are Urease positive bugs?

A

” Urease Positive PUNCHS Back “

P- Proteus
P- Pseudomonas
U- Urea plasma
N- Nocardia
C- Cryptococcus
H- H. pylori
S- Staph Spp
B- Brucellosis

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24
Q

What bugs causes Monocytosis?

A

” STELS “

S- Syphilis
T- TB
E- EBV
L- Listeria
S- Salmonella

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25
What are Big Mama Anaerobes?
- Bacteroides fragilis - Streptococcus Bovis - C. Melangosepticus - C. Difficile
25
What bug disrupts G. proteins?
- B. Pertussis: Inhibits Gi , Incr cAMP - Cholera: Stimulates Gs , Incr cAMP - E. Coli: Stimulates Gs, Incr cAMP
26
what organism is associated with cat scratch?
Bartonella Henselae
27
what organism is associated with dog & cat saliva?
Pasteurella Multocida
28
what protozoa is associated with cat feces?
Toxoplasmosis
29
what disease are caused by ixodes ticks?
- Lyme disease- Bulls eye lesion - Babesiosis- Hemolytic anemia - Ehrlichiosis- Puncture near eye - Anaplasmosis
30
what bug causes hospital abscesses?
- Day 1-3: Staph aureus - Day 4-7: Strep pyogenes - Day>7: Anaerobes- PMN's
31
what kind of patient does Staph & pseudomonas like to attack?
DM, Cystic fibrosis, Burn Pts, Neutropenic pts
32
What disease have granulomas?
" HiTTSS " - Hi- Histiocytosis-X - T- TB - T- The Ellas (Salmonella, Shigella) - S- Sarcoidosis - S- Syphilis (Gummas in Secondary Syphilis)
33
What disease provide malarial protection?
- Sickle Cell Anemia: African Descent - G-6PD & Thalassemia: Mediterranean descent - Hereditary Spherocytosis - Pyruvate Kinase deficiency
34
What bug causes barrel shaped abscess?
Entamoeba Histolytica
35
What bug causes multiple cerebral abscesses?
Citrobacter
36
What is PIE Syndrome?
Pulmonary Infiltrates with Eosinophilia
37
What diseases have PIE Syndrome?
- Aspergillosis (Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis) - Loeffler's Syndrome - Churg Strauss Syndrome
38
What parasite causes Loeffler's Syndrome?
" NASSA " N- Nectar americanus A- Ancylostoma duodenale S- Schistosomiasis S- Strongyloides A- Ascaris lumbricoides
39
What disease does Coxsackie-A cause?
Hand, Foot, Mouth Disease
40
What disease does Coxsackie-B cause?
Endocarditis, DM type 1
41
What bacteria causes Meningitis?
0-2 Months age - "baby BEL" B- Group B Strep E- E. Coli (K-protein) L- Listeria 2mo-10yrs age: - Streptococcus Pneumonia - Neisseria 10-21 yrs age: - Neisseria Meningitidis 21yrs and up: - Streptococcus Pneumonia
42
What are CSF lab values in Meningitis?
- PMN's (Polymorphic Neutrophils) -- Bacteria - T cells / Macrophages -- Non Bacterial - Normal Glucose -- Viral cause
43
What does Hep-B core antigen (HbcAg) tell us?
Gone before patient has symptoms also known as window period (present from 0-2 months)
44
What does IgG Core Ab (Anti-HbcAb : IgG) tell you?
Past Infection
45
What does surface antigen tell us?
- Liver damage (Incr AST, ALT) - If present for more than 6 months then Chronic infection.
46
What does surface antibody tell us?
- Vaccination - Recovery from past infection if other antibodies are also present i.e (Anti- Hbc:IgG)
47
What does Hbe Ag tell us?
Transmissibility / Infectivity
48
What does Hbe Ab tell us?
Low transmissibility
49
What Ab shows current Hep- A infection?
IgM
50
What Ab shows past Hep- A infection?
IgG
51
What type of people does Hep-E like to infect?
Pregnant women (3rd trimester), Asian Population
52
What is associated with Staph Aureus?
Cellulitis, Endocarditis, Gold pigment, Stye, Hordeolum (on eyelid), Dairy products
53
What is associated with Cutibacterium Acne?
Acne Progesterone > Propionic acid
54
What is associated with Pasteurella multocida?
Cat/ Dog Saliva > Cellulitis with Lymphadenitis
55
What is associated with Hemophilus Aegyptus?
Purulent Conjunctivitis
56
What is associated with Staph Saprophyticus?
Female with UTI's (2nd MCC to E.coli) Honeymooner's Cystitis
57
What is associated with Francisella tularensis?
Ulcers at Rabbit or Deer bite site & Oculoglandular Fever Rx: Streptomycin
58
What is associated with Pseudomonas aregunosa?
- Otitis externa, - Ecthyma gangrenosum, - Whirlpool Folliculitis, Exotoxin (ADP ribosylates EF-2)
59
What is associated with Strep Pneumonia?
- Otitis Media, - Red Bulging Tympanic membranes, - Sinusitis, - Meningitis
60
What is associated with Fuso bacterium?
- Painful Mouth ulcers, - Gum pus, - Vincent's Angina
61
What is associated with Strep Viridans, Strep mutans & Strep salivarius?
Strep Viridans: Subacute bacterial endocarditis Green Pigment Alpha hemolytic Strep mutans: dental cavities Strep salivarius: Cold agglutinations
62
What is associated with Strep Pyogenes?
- Rheumatic Fever - PSGN - Impetigo - Pharyngitis - Necrotizing Facciitis
63
What is associated with Group-C Strep?
Pharyngitis
64
What is associated with Corynebacterium Diphtheriae?
- Chinese letter under the microscope - Gray pseudo membrane - Heart Block Suffocation > Death, ADP ribosylation of EF-2, Elek's test
65
What is associated with Strep Pneumonia?
- Gram positive diplococci - Rusty Sputum - IgA protease - Vaccine covers 23 strains
66
What is associated with H.Influenza?
- Gram Negative pleomorphic rods - Factor V & X - 5 Carbon ribose capsule - Hi-B type causes Meningitis, Epiglottitis, Sepsis
67
What is associated with M, Catarrhalis?
- Pneumonia, - Meningitis - Has LOS capsule - Attacks respiratory track - Doesn't ferment glucose
68
What is associated with Chlamydia pisittaci ?
Parakeets and Parrots are the carriers
69
What is associated with Chlamydia pneumonia?
- Staccato Coughing - Parasites with DNA & RNA - Elementary Body (Infectious phase) - Reticulate Body (resting phase can't divide)
70
What is associated with Mycoplasma pneumonia?
- Bullous Myringitis - Ground glass CXR - P-1 protein - Erythema multiforme - Cold Agglutinin - Anemia - Cholesterol rich agar
71
What is associated with Legionella pneumonia?
- Found in AC ducts - Silver stains lung CYEA - Pontiac Fever - Legionnaire's pneumonia - Hyponatremia - Watery Diarrhea
72
What is associated with (PCP) pneumocystis carinii pneumonia?
- AIDS - Preemies - Rusty Sputum - Silver stains lungs - Increase LDH - Treat with Steroids
73
What is associated with Clostridium Botulinum?
- Canned food - Honey - Inhibits Ach release - Respiratory failure - Stool toxin - Treat with Penicillin Babies consume spores that generate in the GI tract, test for stool. Adults consume preformed toxins, test for blood antigens
74
What is associated with Clostridium tetani?
- Rusty Nail wound - Inhibits GLY release - Respiratory failure - Risus Sardonicus - Tennis Racket shaped appearence
75
What is associated with Bordetella Pertussis?
- Whooping Cough - ADP Ribosylates Gi - Treat with Erythromycin
76
What is associated with Bacillus Anthracis?
- Black Eschar - Wool Sorters Lung disease - D-Glutamic acid capsule - Box car like spore Treat with Ciprofloxacin
77
What is associated with H. Pylori?
95% Cause of Duodenal ulcers, Silver Stainer, CLO test
78
What is associated with Salmonella?
- Loves to hide in gallbladder if treated - Don't treat infection medically - Raw Chicken & Eggs, Turtle, rose typhoid spots - H2S (Sulphur producing) - Sickle Cell patients with salmonella infection leads to Osteomyelitis
79
What is associated with Campylobacter Jejuni?
- Raw Chicken & Eggs - Dog poop - Bloody Diarrhea - Comma, Seagull shaped bug - Inactivated by gastric juice and can precipitate Guillain Barre - Treat with Erythromycin
80
What is associated with Clostridium Perfringens?
Holiday ham and turkey left out on the counter and Clostridium jumps on and waits. food is reheated bug is loving life. - Enterotoxin causes Gastroenteritis. - DM patients get Gas Gangrene due to alpha toxin. - Diarrhea caused by Beta toxin, also found in soil and feces.
81
What is associated with Bacillus Cereus?
Fried rice syndrome, preformed toxin
82
What is associated with Listeria Monocytogenes?
Raw cabbage, Hot dogs, Cold cuts and Spoiled Milk, Likes cold environment. - Must avoid these foods in pregnancy - Causes Abortions, Meningitis and Heart Block. - Also seen in Migrant workers.
83
What is associated with Vibrio parahaemolyticus?
- Raw fish - Gs stimulation via ADP ribosylation= High cAMP. - Turns On On.
84
What is associated with Actinomyces?
Face Fistulas, Sulphur Granules
85
What is associated with Vibrio Cholera?
- Rice Water diarrhea - ADP ribosylates Gs= Gigh cAMP Turns On On
86
What is associated with Vibrio Vulnificus?
- Raw Oysters - Common in workers sucking on oysters. - Cellulitis in Swimmers cut
87
What is associated with Shigella?
- Day care outbreaks - Seizures - Vero toxin induces seizures - Destroys 60S ribosome - Infects M-cells
88
What is associated with Clostridium Difficile?
- Explosive Diarrhea - Pseudomembranous colitis - Fibrinoid replacement and yellow plaques in GI tract.
89
What is associated with Yersinia enterocolitica?
- Presents like appendicitis - Reactive arthritis - Bloody Diarrhea
90
What is associated with Strep Gallolytica?
- Colon Cancer risk increased 10% - Black pigment - Endocarditis
91
What is associated with Clostridium Melangosepticus?
Colon cancer
92
What is associated with ETEC?
Traveler's diarrhea = Rice water diarrhea described as vibrio like.
93
What is associated with EHEC?
Hemorrhagic= renal failure
94
What is associated with EIEC?
Inflammatory= Loose stool
95
What is associated with EPEC?
Pathogenic= Newborn Diarrhea
96
What is associated with E.Coli?
- Raw Hamburgers - ADP ribosylates Gs (Incr cAMP). turns ON ON - Verotoxin - HUS in kids and elderly.
97
What is associated with Proteus Mirabilis?
- Staghorn Caliculi - UTI - Urease positive - Treat with Norfloxacin
98
What is associated with Klebsiella pneumonia?
Alcoholics, Diabetics, Currant jelly Sputum, UTI, Lung Fissures.
99
What is associated with Staph Saprophyticus?
Seen in young girls/ women who recently became sexually active, E.coli still the #1 cause of UTI's.
100
What is associated with Enterococcus?
UTI, Infective Endocarditis post GI/ GU procedure
101
What is associated with N. Meningitis?
Adrenal hemorrhage, DIC Pili, Only bug that can release toxin in log phase
102
What is associated with Brucella?
Seen in farmers/ vets, Animal placentas are the vector, spiking fever 5 times a day.
103
What is associated with R. rickettsii?
Ticks= Rocky mountain spotted fever
104
What is associated with R. akari?
Mites
105
What is associated with R. prowazekii?
Lice= Starts on body
106
What is associated with R. tsutsugamushi?
Chiggers (mites) = Scrub typhus
107
What is associated with Coxiella burnetii?
Dusty Barn = Q fever undulating fever spikes
108
What is associated with Yersinia pestis?
Rat flea Xenopsylla = Bubonic plague & Pneumonic plague
109
What is associated with Bartonella Henselae?
- Cat scratch - Single painful axillary LN - Silver Stainer - Bacillary angiomatosis - Diagnostic disease for Kaposi sarcoma in HIV pts
110
What is associated with Bacteroides fragilis?
Post op bowel abscess, grows in blood clots
111
What is associated with Chlamydia trachomatis?
Neonatal in-turned eyelashes, Corneal ulcers
112
What is associated with N. gonorrhea?
- Pili transform - Urethritis - Tenosynovitis - Septic arthritis
113
What is the only Crescent shaped protozoa?
Giardia lamblia
114
What are the comma (curved) shaped bacteria?
- Vibrio - Campylobacter - Listeria - H. Pylori

Wolfpacc Clues (3 decks)

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