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Wolfpacc Clues > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

How to know it’s an aerobic infection?

A

Gas and bad odor

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2
Q

What makes an adequate sputum sample?

A

<10 epithelial cells and > 25 leukocytes per low power field

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3
Q

What bug causes Acute bacterial endocarditis?

A

Staphylococcus aureus (attacks healthy valves)

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4
Q

What bug cause subacute bacterial endocarditis ?

A

Strep Viridans (attacks previously damaged valves)

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5
Q

What is most common organism that damages valves?

A

Strep pyogenes (rheumatic fever)

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6
Q

How do you diagnose rheumatic fever?

A

Need at least 2 of the “specc”

S- subcutaneous nodules
P- polyarthritis
E- erythema marginatum
C- chorea (sydenham’s chorea)
C- Carditis (MS>AS>TS) “MAT”

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7
Q

What are the only gram negative diplococci?

A

Neisseria and Moraxella

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8
Q

What is only gram positive diplococci?

A

Streptococcus pneumonia

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9
Q

Five organisms that cause heart infections?

A

“Don’t TeLL Chaga”

D- Diphtheria
T- Typhoid Fever (salmonella typhi)
L- Legionella
L- Lyme disease
C- Chacha’s disease (whipple’s)

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10
Q

What are IgA protease organisms?

A
  • Strep pneumonia
  • H. Influenza
  • N. Saprophyticus
  • Moraxella Catarrhalis
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11
Q

what does IgA protease organism cause?

A
  • Sinusitis
  • Otitis Media
  • Pneumonia/ Bronchitis
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12
Q

what is Simple Gram negative bacteria?

A

Is gram Negative that lacks LPS (Lipopolysaccharides) e.g H. Influenza

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13
Q

what are atypical (no cell wall) bacteria?

A

” CLUMsy “

C- Chlamydia
L- Legionella
U- Ureaplasma
M- Mycoplasma

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14
Q

what is only gram positive with endotoxin?

A

Listeria

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15
Q

what are gram negatives with exotoxins?

A
  • H. Influenza
  • Bordetella Pertussis
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16
Q

what are spore forming gram positive bacteria?

A
  • Bacillus
  • Clostridium
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17
Q

what organism causes atypical pneumonia?

A
  • 0-2 months: Chlamydia Pneumophilia
  • 10-30 yrs: Mycoplasma Pneumonia
  • > 40 yrs: Legionella Pneumophilia
  • AIDS & Immunocompromised patients: Pneumocystis Carinii
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18
Q

what causes cryoglobulinemia?

A

” I AM He “

I- Influenza Virus
A- Adenovirus
M- Mycoplasma
H- Hep B & C

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19
Q

what are silver stainers?

A
  • H. Pylori
  • Legionella
  • Vibrio
  • Campylobacter
  • Bartonella
  • Pneumocystis
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20
Q

what bacteria causes diarrhea <8hrs after introduction?

A

” CBS “

C- Clostridium
B- Bacillus Cereus
S- Staph Aureus

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21
Q

What are encapsulated gram negatives?

A

” Some Killers Have Pretty Nice Capsules “

S- Salmonella
K- Klebsiella
H- H. Influenza B
P- Pseudomonas
N- Neisseria
C- Citrobacter

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22
Q

What is encapsulated gram positive?

A

Strep. Pneumonia
(Has polysaccharide capsule)

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23
Q

What are Urease positive bugs?

A

” Urease Positive PUNCHS Back “

P- Proteus
P- Pseudomonas
U- Urea plasma
N- Nocardia
C- Cryptococcus
H- H. pylori
S- Staph Spp
B- Brucellosis

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24
Q

What bugs causes Monocytosis?

A

” STELS “

S- Syphilis
T- TB
E- EBV
L- Listeria
S- Salmonella

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25
Q

What are Big Mama Anaerobes?

A
  • Bacteroides fragilis
  • Streptococcus Bovis
  • C. Melangosepticus
  • C. Difficile
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25
Q

What bug disrupts G. proteins?

A
  • B. Pertussis: Inhibits Gi , Incr cAMP
  • Cholera: Stimulates Gs , Incr cAMP
  • E. Coli: Stimulates Gs, Incr cAMP
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26
Q

what organism is associated with cat scratch?

A

Bartonella Henselae

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27
Q

what organism is associated with dog & cat saliva?

A

Pasteurella Multocida

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28
Q

what protozoa is associated with cat feces?

A

Toxoplasmosis

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29
Q

what disease are caused by ixodes ticks?

A
  • Lyme disease- Bulls eye lesion
  • Babesiosis- Hemolytic anemia
  • Ehrlichiosis- Puncture near eye
  • Anaplasmosis
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30
Q

what bug causes hospital abscesses?

A
  • Day 1-3: Staph aureus
  • Day 4-7: Strep pyogenes
  • Day>7: Anaerobes- PMN’s
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31
Q

what kind of patient does Staph & pseudomonas like to attack?

A

DM, Cystic fibrosis, Burn Pts, Neutropenic pts

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32
Q

What disease have granulomas?

A

” HiTTSS “

  • Hi- Histiocytosis-X
  • T- TB
  • T- The Ellas (Salmonella, Shigella)
  • S- Sarcoidosis
  • S- Syphilis (Gummas in Secondary Syphilis)
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33
Q

What disease provide malarial protection?

A
  • Sickle Cell Anemia: African Descent
  • G-6PD & Thalassemia: Mediterranean descent
  • Hereditary Spherocytosis
  • Pyruvate Kinase deficiency
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34
Q

What bug causes barrel shaped abscess?

A

Entamoeba Histolytica

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35
Q

What bug causes multiple cerebral abscesses?

A

Citrobacter

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36
Q

What is PIE Syndrome?

A

Pulmonary Infiltrates with Eosinophilia

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37
Q

What diseases have PIE Syndrome?

A
  • Aspergillosis (Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis)
  • Loeffler’s Syndrome
  • Churg Strauss Syndrome
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38
Q

What parasite causes Loeffler’s Syndrome?

A

” NASSA “
N- Nectar americanus
A- Ancylostoma duodenale
S- Schistosomiasis
S- Strongyloides
A- Ascaris lumbricoides

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39
Q

What disease does Coxsackie-A cause?

A

Hand, Foot, Mouth Disease

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40
Q

What disease does Coxsackie-B cause?

A

Endocarditis, DM type 1

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41
Q

What bacteria causes Meningitis?

A

0-2 Months age - “baby BEL”
B- Group B Strep
E- E. Coli (K-protein)
L- Listeria

2mo-10yrs age:
- Streptococcus Pneumonia
- Neisseria

10-21 yrs age:
- Neisseria Meningitidis

21yrs and up:
- Streptococcus Pneumonia

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42
Q

What are CSF lab values in Meningitis?

A
  • PMN’s (Polymorphic Neutrophils) – Bacteria
  • T cells / Macrophages – Non Bacterial
  • Normal Glucose – Viral cause
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43
Q

What does Hep-B core antigen (HbcAg) tell us?

A

Gone before patient has symptoms also known as window period
(present from 0-2 months)

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44
Q

What does IgG Core Ab (Anti-HbcAb : IgG) tell you?

A

Past Infection

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45
Q

What does surface antigen tell us?

A
  • Liver damage (Incr AST, ALT)
  • If present for more than 6 months then Chronic infection.
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46
Q

What does surface antibody tell us?

A
  • Vaccination
  • Recovery from past infection if other antibodies are also present i.e (Anti- Hbc:IgG)
47
Q

What does Hbe Ag tell us?

A

Transmissibility / Infectivity

48
Q

What does Hbe Ab tell us?

A

Low transmissibility

49
Q

What Ab shows current Hep- A infection?

50
Q

What Ab shows past Hep- A infection?

51
Q

What type of people does Hep-E like to infect?

A

Pregnant women (3rd trimester), Asian Population

52
Q

What is associated with Staph Aureus?

A

Cellulitis, Endocarditis, Gold pigment, Stye, Hordeolum (on eyelid), Dairy products

53
Q

What is associated with Cutibacterium Acne?

A

Acne
Progesterone > Propionic acid

54
Q

What is associated with Pasteurella multocida?

A

Cat/ Dog Saliva > Cellulitis with Lymphadenitis

55
Q

What is associated with Hemophilus Aegyptus?

A

Purulent Conjunctivitis

56
Q

What is associated with Staph Saprophyticus?

A

Female with UTI’s (2nd MCC to E.coli)
Honeymooner’s Cystitis

57
Q

What is associated with Francisella tularensis?

A

Ulcers at Rabbit or Deer bite site & Oculoglandular Fever
Rx: Streptomycin

58
Q

What is associated with Pseudomonas aregunosa?

A
  • Otitis externa,
  • Ecthyma gangrenosum,
  • Whirlpool Folliculitis,
    Exotoxin (ADP ribosylates EF-2)
59
Q

What is associated with Strep Pneumonia?

A
  • Otitis Media,
  • Red Bulging Tympanic membranes,
  • Sinusitis,
  • Meningitis
60
Q

What is associated with Fuso bacterium?

A
  • Painful Mouth ulcers,
  • Gum pus,
  • Vincent’s Angina
61
Q

What is associated with Strep Viridans, Strep mutans & Strep salivarius?

A

Strep Viridans: Subacute bacterial endocarditis
Green Pigment
Alpha hemolytic

Strep mutans: dental cavities

Strep salivarius: Cold agglutinations

62
Q

What is associated with Strep Pyogenes?

A
  • Rheumatic Fever
  • PSGN
  • Impetigo
  • Pharyngitis
  • Necrotizing Facciitis
63
Q

What is associated with Group-C Strep?

A

Pharyngitis

64
Q

What is associated with Corynebacterium Diphtheriae?

A
  • Chinese letter under the microscope
  • Gray pseudo membrane
  • Heart Block

Suffocation > Death, ADP ribosylation of EF-2, Elek’s test

65
Q

What is associated with Strep Pneumonia?

A
  • Gram positive diplococci
  • Rusty Sputum
  • IgA protease
  • Vaccine covers 23 strains
66
Q

What is associated with H.Influenza?

A
  • Gram Negative pleomorphic rods
  • Factor V & X
  • 5 Carbon ribose capsule
  • Hi-B type causes Meningitis, Epiglottitis, Sepsis
67
Q

What is associated with M, Catarrhalis?

A
  • Pneumonia,
  • Meningitis
  • Has LOS capsule
  • Attacks respiratory track
  • Doesn’t ferment glucose
68
Q

What is associated with Chlamydia pisittaci ?

A

Parakeets and Parrots are the carriers

69
Q

What is associated with Chlamydia pneumonia?

A
  • Staccato Coughing
  • Parasites with DNA & RNA
  • Elementary Body (Infectious phase)
  • Reticulate Body (resting phase can’t divide)
70
Q

What is associated with Mycoplasma pneumonia?

A
  • Bullous Myringitis
  • Ground glass CXR
  • P-1 protein
  • Erythema multiforme
  • Cold Agglutinin
  • Anemia
  • Cholesterol rich agar
71
Q

What is associated with Legionella pneumonia?

A
  • Found in AC ducts
  • Silver stains lung CYEA
  • Pontiac Fever
  • Legionnaire’s pneumonia
  • Hyponatremia
  • Watery Diarrhea
72
Q

What is associated with (PCP) pneumocystis carinii pneumonia?

A
  • AIDS
  • Preemies
  • Rusty Sputum
  • Silver stains lungs
  • Increase LDH
  • Treat with Steroids
73
Q

What is associated with Clostridium Botulinum?

A
  • Canned food
  • Honey
  • Inhibits Ach release
  • Respiratory failure
  • Stool toxin
  • Treat with Penicillin

Babies consume spores that generate in the GI tract, test for stool.
Adults consume preformed toxins, test for blood antigens

74
Q

What is associated with Clostridium tetani?

A
  • Rusty Nail wound
  • Inhibits GLY release
  • Respiratory failure
  • Risus Sardonicus
  • Tennis Racket shaped appearence
75
Q

What is associated with Bordetella Pertussis?

A
  • Whooping Cough
  • ADP Ribosylates Gi
  • Treat with Erythromycin
76
Q

What is associated with Bacillus Anthracis?

A
  • Black Eschar
  • Wool Sorters Lung disease
  • D-Glutamic acid capsule
  • Box car like spore

Treat with Ciprofloxacin

77
Q

What is associated with H. Pylori?

A

95% Cause of Duodenal ulcers, Silver Stainer, CLO test

78
Q

What is associated with Salmonella?

A
  • Loves to hide in gallbladder if treated
  • Don’t treat infection medically
  • Raw Chicken & Eggs, Turtle, rose typhoid spots
  • H2S (Sulphur producing)
  • Sickle Cell patients with salmonella infection leads to Osteomyelitis
79
Q

What is associated with Campylobacter Jejuni?

A
  • Raw Chicken & Eggs
  • Dog poop
  • Bloody Diarrhea
  • Comma, Seagull shaped bug
  • Inactivated by gastric juice and can precipitate Guillain Barre
  • Treat with Erythromycin
80
Q

What is associated with Clostridium Perfringens?

A

Holiday ham and turkey left out on the counter and Clostridium jumps on and waits. food is reheated bug is loving life.
- Enterotoxin causes Gastroenteritis.

  • DM patients get Gas Gangrene due to alpha toxin.
  • Diarrhea caused by Beta toxin, also found in soil and feces.
81
Q

What is associated with Bacillus Cereus?

A

Fried rice syndrome, preformed toxin

82
Q

What is associated with Listeria Monocytogenes?

A

Raw cabbage, Hot dogs, Cold cuts and Spoiled Milk, Likes cold environment.
- Must avoid these foods in pregnancy
- Causes Abortions, Meningitis and Heart Block.
- Also seen in Migrant workers.

83
Q

What is associated with Vibrio parahaemolyticus?

A
  • Raw fish
  • Gs stimulation via ADP ribosylation= High cAMP.
  • Turns On On.
84
Q

What is associated with Actinomyces?

A

Face Fistulas, Sulphur Granules

85
Q

What is associated with Vibrio Cholera?

A
  • Rice Water diarrhea
  • ADP ribosylates Gs= Gigh cAMP
    Turns On On
86
Q

What is associated with Vibrio Vulnificus?

A
  • Raw Oysters
  • Common in workers sucking on oysters.
  • Cellulitis in Swimmers cut
87
Q

What is associated with Shigella?

A
  • Day care outbreaks
  • Seizures
  • Vero toxin induces seizures
  • Destroys 60S ribosome
  • Infects M-cells
88
Q

What is associated with Clostridium Difficile?

A
  • Explosive Diarrhea
  • Pseudomembranous colitis
  • Fibrinoid replacement and yellow plaques in GI tract.
89
Q

What is associated with Yersinia enterocolitica?

A
  • Presents like appendicitis
  • Reactive arthritis
  • Bloody Diarrhea
90
Q

What is associated with Strep Gallolytica?

A
  • Colon Cancer risk increased 10%
  • Black pigment
  • Endocarditis
91
Q

What is associated with Clostridium Melangosepticus?

A

Colon cancer

92
Q

What is associated with ETEC?

A

Traveler’s diarrhea = Rice water diarrhea
described as vibrio like.

93
Q

What is associated with EHEC?

A

Hemorrhagic= renal failure

94
Q

What is associated with EIEC?

A

Inflammatory= Loose stool

95
Q

What is associated with EPEC?

A

Pathogenic= Newborn Diarrhea

96
Q

What is associated with E.Coli?

A
  • Raw Hamburgers
  • ADP ribosylates Gs (Incr cAMP). turns ON ON
  • Verotoxin
  • HUS in kids and elderly.
97
Q

What is associated with Proteus Mirabilis?

A
  • Staghorn Caliculi
  • UTI
  • Urease positive
  • Treat with Norfloxacin
98
Q

What is associated with Klebsiella pneumonia?

A

Alcoholics, Diabetics, Currant jelly Sputum, UTI, Lung Fissures.

99
Q

What is associated with Staph Saprophyticus?

A

Seen in young girls/ women who recently became sexually active, E.coli still the #1 cause of UTI’s.

100
Q

What is associated with Enterococcus?

A

UTI, Infective Endocarditis post GI/ GU procedure

101
Q

What is associated with N. Meningitis?

A

Adrenal hemorrhage, DIC Pili, Only bug that can release toxin in log phase

102
Q

What is associated with Brucella?

A

Seen in farmers/ vets, Animal placentas are the vector, spiking fever 5 times a day.

103
Q

What is associated with R. rickettsii?

A

Ticks= Rocky mountain spotted fever

104
Q

What is associated with R. akari?

105
Q

What is associated with R. prowazekii?

A

Lice= Starts on body

106
Q

What is associated with R. tsutsugamushi?

A

Chiggers (mites) = Scrub typhus

107
Q

What is associated with Coxiella burnetii?

A

Dusty Barn = Q fever undulating fever spikes

108
Q

What is associated with Yersinia pestis?

A

Rat flea Xenopsylla = Bubonic plague & Pneumonic plague

109
Q

What is associated with Bartonella Henselae?

A
  • Cat scratch
  • Single painful axillary LN
  • Silver Stainer
  • Bacillary angiomatosis
  • Diagnostic disease for Kaposi sarcoma in HIV pts
110
Q

What is associated with Bacteroides fragilis?

A

Post op bowel abscess, grows in blood clots

111
Q

What is associated with Chlamydia trachomatis?

A

Neonatal in-turned eyelashes, Corneal ulcers

112
Q

What is associated with N. gonorrhea?

A
  • Pili transform
  • Urethritis
  • Tenosynovitis
  • Septic arthritis
113
Q

What is the only Crescent shaped protozoa?

A

Giardia lamblia

114
Q

What are the comma (curved) shaped bacteria?

A
  • Vibrio
  • Campylobacter
  • Listeria
  • H. Pylori

Wolfpacc Clues (3 decks)

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