Microbiology Flashcards
How to know it’s an aerobic infection?
Gas and bad odor
What makes an adequate sputum sample?
<10 epithelial cells and > 25 leukocytes per low power field
What bug causes Acute bacterial endocarditis?
Staphylococcus aureus (attacks healthy valves)
What bug cause subacute bacterial endocarditis ?
Strep Viridans (attacks previously damaged valves)
What is most common organism that damages valves?
Strep pyogenes (rheumatic fever)
How do you diagnose rheumatic fever?
Need at least 2 of the “specc”
S- subcutaneous nodules
P- polyarthritis
E- erythema marginatum
C- chorea (sydenham’s chorea)
C- Carditis (MS>AS>TS) “MAT”
What are the only gram negative diplococci?
Neisseria and Moraxella
What is only gram positive diplococci?
Streptococcus pneumonia
Five organisms that cause heart infections?
“Don’t TeLL Chaga”
D- Diphtheria
T- Typhoid Fever (salmonella typhi)
L- Legionella
L- Lyme disease
C- Chacha’s disease (whipple’s)
What are IgA protease organisms?
- Strep pneumonia
- H. Influenza
- N. Saprophyticus
- Moraxella Catarrhalis
what does IgA protease organism cause?
- Sinusitis
- Otitis Media
- Pneumonia/ Bronchitis
what is Simple Gram negative bacteria?
Is gram Negative that lacks LPS (Lipopolysaccharides) e.g H. Influenza
what are atypical (no cell wall) bacteria?
” CLUMsy “
C- Chlamydia
L- Legionella
U- Ureaplasma
M- Mycoplasma
what is only gram positive with endotoxin?
Listeria
what are gram negatives with exotoxins?
- H. Influenza
- Bordetella Pertussis
what are spore forming gram positive bacteria?
- Bacillus
- Clostridium
what organism causes atypical pneumonia?
- 0-2 months: Chlamydia Pneumophilia
- 10-30 yrs: Mycoplasma Pneumonia
- > 40 yrs: Legionella Pneumophilia
- AIDS & Immunocompromised patients: Pneumocystis Carinii
what causes cryoglobulinemia?
” I AM He “
I- Influenza Virus
A- Adenovirus
M- Mycoplasma
H- Hep B & C
what are silver stainers?
- H. Pylori
- Legionella
- Vibrio
- Campylobacter
- Bartonella
- Pneumocystis
what bacteria causes diarrhea <8hrs after introduction?
” CBS “
C- Clostridium
B- Bacillus Cereus
S- Staph Aureus
What are encapsulated gram negatives?
” Some Killers Have Pretty Nice Capsules “
S- Salmonella
K- Klebsiella
H- H. Influenza B
P- Pseudomonas
N- Neisseria
C- Citrobacter
What is encapsulated gram positive?
Strep. Pneumonia
(Has polysaccharide capsule)
What are Urease positive bugs?
” Urease Positive PUNCHS Back “
P- Proteus
P- Pseudomonas
U- Urea plasma
N- Nocardia
C- Cryptococcus
H- H. pylori
S- Staph Spp
B- Brucellosis
What bugs causes Monocytosis?
” STELS “
S- Syphilis
T- TB
E- EBV
L- Listeria
S- Salmonella
What are Big Mama Anaerobes?
- Bacteroides fragilis
- Streptococcus Bovis
- C. Melangosepticus
- C. Difficile
What bug disrupts G. proteins?
- B. Pertussis: Inhibits Gi , Incr cAMP
- Cholera: Stimulates Gs , Incr cAMP
- E. Coli: Stimulates Gs, Incr cAMP
what organism is associated with cat scratch?
Bartonella Henselae
what organism is associated with dog & cat saliva?
Pasteurella Multocida
what protozoa is associated with cat feces?
Toxoplasmosis
what disease are caused by ixodes ticks?
- Lyme disease- Bulls eye lesion
- Babesiosis- Hemolytic anemia
- Ehrlichiosis- Puncture near eye
- Anaplasmosis
what bug causes hospital abscesses?
- Day 1-3: Staph aureus
- Day 4-7: Strep pyogenes
- Day>7: Anaerobes- PMN’s
what kind of patient does Staph & pseudomonas like to attack?
DM, Cystic fibrosis, Burn Pts, Neutropenic pts
What disease have granulomas?
” HiTTSS “
- Hi- Histiocytosis-X
- T- TB
- T- The Ellas (Salmonella, Shigella)
- S- Sarcoidosis
- S- Syphilis (Gummas in Secondary Syphilis)
What disease provide malarial protection?
- Sickle Cell Anemia: African Descent
- G-6PD & Thalassemia: Mediterranean descent
- Hereditary Spherocytosis
- Pyruvate Kinase deficiency
What bug causes barrel shaped abscess?
Entamoeba Histolytica
What bug causes multiple cerebral abscesses?
Citrobacter
What is PIE Syndrome?
Pulmonary Infiltrates with Eosinophilia
What diseases have PIE Syndrome?
- Aspergillosis (Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis)
- Loeffler’s Syndrome
- Churg Strauss Syndrome
What parasite causes Loeffler’s Syndrome?
” NASSA “
N- Nectar americanus
A- Ancylostoma duodenale
S- Schistosomiasis
S- Strongyloides
A- Ascaris lumbricoides
What disease does Coxsackie-A cause?
Hand, Foot, Mouth Disease
What disease does Coxsackie-B cause?
Endocarditis, DM type 1
What bacteria causes Meningitis?
0-2 Months age - “baby BEL”
B- Group B Strep
E- E. Coli (K-protein)
L- Listeria
2mo-10yrs age:
- Streptococcus Pneumonia
- Neisseria
10-21 yrs age:
- Neisseria Meningitidis
21yrs and up:
- Streptococcus Pneumonia
What are CSF lab values in Meningitis?
- PMN’s (Polymorphic Neutrophils) – Bacteria
- T cells / Macrophages – Non Bacterial
- Normal Glucose – Viral cause
What does Hep-B core antigen (HbcAg) tell us?
Gone before patient has symptoms also known as window period
(present from 0-2 months)
What does IgG Core Ab (Anti-HbcAb : IgG) tell you?
Past Infection
What does surface antigen tell us?
- Liver damage (Incr AST, ALT)
- If present for more than 6 months then Chronic infection.
What does surface antibody tell us?
- Vaccination
- Recovery from past infection if other antibodies are also present i.e (Anti- Hbc:IgG)
What does Hbe Ag tell us?
Transmissibility / Infectivity
What does Hbe Ab tell us?
Low transmissibility
What Ab shows current Hep- A infection?
IgM
What Ab shows past Hep- A infection?
IgG
What type of people does Hep-E like to infect?
Pregnant women (3rd trimester), Asian Population
What is associated with Staph Aureus?
Cellulitis, Endocarditis, Gold pigment, Stye, Hordeolum (on eyelid), Dairy products
What is associated with Cutibacterium Acne?
Acne
Progesterone > Propionic acid
What is associated with Pasteurella multocida?
Cat/ Dog Saliva > Cellulitis with Lymphadenitis
What is associated with Hemophilus Aegyptus?
Purulent Conjunctivitis
What is associated with Staph Saprophyticus?
Female with UTI’s (2nd MCC to E.coli)
Honeymooner’s Cystitis
What is associated with Francisella tularensis?
Ulcers at Rabbit or Deer bite site & Oculoglandular Fever
Rx: Streptomycin
What is associated with Pseudomonas aregunosa?
- Otitis externa,
- Ecthyma gangrenosum,
- Whirlpool Folliculitis,
Exotoxin (ADP ribosylates EF-2)
What is associated with Strep Pneumonia?
- Otitis Media,
- Red Bulging Tympanic membranes,
- Sinusitis,
- Meningitis
What is associated with Fuso bacterium?
- Painful Mouth ulcers,
- Gum pus,
- Vincent’s Angina
What is associated with Strep Viridans, Strep mutans & Strep salivarius?
Strep Viridans: Subacute bacterial endocarditis
Green Pigment
Alpha hemolytic
Strep mutans: dental cavities
Strep salivarius: Cold agglutinations
What is associated with Strep Pyogenes?
- Rheumatic Fever
- PSGN
- Impetigo
- Pharyngitis
- Necrotizing Facciitis
What is associated with Group-C Strep?
Pharyngitis
What is associated with Corynebacterium Diphtheriae?
- Chinese letter under the microscope
- Gray pseudo membrane
- Heart Block
Suffocation > Death, ADP ribosylation of EF-2, Elek’s test
What is associated with Strep Pneumonia?
- Gram positive diplococci
- Rusty Sputum
- IgA protease
- Vaccine covers 23 strains
What is associated with H.Influenza?
- Gram Negative pleomorphic rods
- Factor V & X
- 5 Carbon ribose capsule
- Hi-B type causes Meningitis, Epiglottitis, Sepsis
What is associated with M, Catarrhalis?
- Pneumonia,
- Meningitis
- Has LOS capsule
- Attacks respiratory track
- Doesn’t ferment glucose
What is associated with Chlamydia pisittaci ?
Parakeets and Parrots are the carriers
What is associated with Chlamydia pneumonia?
- Staccato Coughing
- Parasites with DNA & RNA
- Elementary Body (Infectious phase)
- Reticulate Body (resting phase can’t divide)
What is associated with Mycoplasma pneumonia?
- Bullous Myringitis
- Ground glass CXR
- P-1 protein
- Erythema multiforme
- Cold Agglutinin
- Anemia
- Cholesterol rich agar
What is associated with Legionella pneumonia?
- Found in AC ducts
- Silver stains lung CYEA
- Pontiac Fever
- Legionnaire’s pneumonia
- Hyponatremia
- Watery Diarrhea
What is associated with (PCP) pneumocystis carinii pneumonia?
- AIDS
- Preemies
- Rusty Sputum
- Silver stains lungs
- Increase LDH
- Treat with Steroids
What is associated with Clostridium Botulinum?
- Canned food
- Honey
- Inhibits Ach release
- Respiratory failure
- Stool toxin
- Treat with Penicillin
Babies consume spores that generate in the GI tract, test for stool.
Adults consume preformed toxins, test for blood antigens
What is associated with Clostridium tetani?
- Rusty Nail wound
- Inhibits GLY release
- Respiratory failure
- Risus Sardonicus
- Tennis Racket shaped appearence
What is associated with Bordetella Pertussis?
- Whooping Cough
- ADP Ribosylates Gi
- Treat with Erythromycin
What is associated with Bacillus Anthracis?
- Black Eschar
- Wool Sorters Lung disease
- D-Glutamic acid capsule
- Box car like spore
Treat with Ciprofloxacin
What is associated with H. Pylori?
95% Cause of Duodenal ulcers, Silver Stainer, CLO test
What is associated with Salmonella?
- Loves to hide in gallbladder if treated
- Don’t treat infection medically
- Raw Chicken & Eggs, Turtle, rose typhoid spots
- H2S (Sulphur producing)
- Sickle Cell patients with salmonella infection leads to Osteomyelitis
What is associated with Campylobacter Jejuni?
- Raw Chicken & Eggs
- Dog poop
- Bloody Diarrhea
- Comma, Seagull shaped bug
- Inactivated by gastric juice and can precipitate Guillain Barre
- Treat with Erythromycin
What is associated with Clostridium Perfringens?
Holiday ham and turkey left out on the counter and Clostridium jumps on and waits. food is reheated bug is loving life.
- Enterotoxin causes Gastroenteritis.
- DM patients get Gas Gangrene due to alpha toxin.
- Diarrhea caused by Beta toxin, also found in soil and feces.
What is associated with Bacillus Cereus?
Fried rice syndrome, preformed toxin
What is associated with Listeria Monocytogenes?
Raw cabbage, Hot dogs, Cold cuts and Spoiled Milk, Likes cold environment.
- Must avoid these foods in pregnancy
- Causes Abortions, Meningitis and Heart Block.
- Also seen in Migrant workers.
What is associated with Vibrio parahaemolyticus?
- Raw fish
- Gs stimulation via ADP ribosylation= High cAMP.
- Turns On On.
What is associated with Actinomyces?
Face Fistulas, Sulphur Granules
What is associated with Vibrio Cholera?
- Rice Water diarrhea
- ADP ribosylates Gs= Gigh cAMP
Turns On On
What is associated with Vibrio Vulnificus?
- Raw Oysters
- Common in workers sucking on oysters.
- Cellulitis in Swimmers cut
What is associated with Shigella?
- Day care outbreaks
- Seizures
- Vero toxin induces seizures
- Destroys 60S ribosome
- Infects M-cells
What is associated with Clostridium Difficile?
- Explosive Diarrhea
- Pseudomembranous colitis
- Fibrinoid replacement and yellow plaques in GI tract.
What is associated with Yersinia enterocolitica?
- Presents like appendicitis
- Reactive arthritis
- Bloody Diarrhea
What is associated with Strep Gallolytica?
- Colon Cancer risk increased 10%
- Black pigment
- Endocarditis
What is associated with Clostridium Melangosepticus?
Colon cancer
What is associated with ETEC?
Traveler’s diarrhea = Rice water diarrhea
described as vibrio like.
What is associated with EHEC?
Hemorrhagic= renal failure
What is associated with EIEC?
Inflammatory= Loose stool
What is associated with EPEC?
Pathogenic= Newborn Diarrhea
What is associated with E.Coli?
- Raw Hamburgers
- ADP ribosylates Gs (Incr cAMP). turns ON ON
- Verotoxin
- HUS in kids and elderly.
What is associated with Proteus Mirabilis?
- Staghorn Caliculi
- UTI
- Urease positive
- Treat with Norfloxacin
What is associated with Klebsiella pneumonia?
Alcoholics, Diabetics, Currant jelly Sputum, UTI, Lung Fissures.
What is associated with Staph Saprophyticus?
Seen in young girls/ women who recently became sexually active, E.coli still the #1 cause of UTI’s.
What is associated with Enterococcus?
UTI, Infective Endocarditis post GI/ GU procedure
What is associated with N. Meningitis?
Adrenal hemorrhage, DIC Pili, Only bug that can release toxin in log phase
What is associated with Brucella?
Seen in farmers/ vets, Animal placentas are the vector, spiking fever 5 times a day.
What is associated with R. rickettsii?
Ticks= Rocky mountain spotted fever
What is associated with R. akari?
Mites
What is associated with R. prowazekii?
Lice= Starts on body
What is associated with R. tsutsugamushi?
Chiggers (mites) = Scrub typhus
What is associated with Coxiella burnetii?
Dusty Barn = Q fever undulating fever spikes
What is associated with Yersinia pestis?
Rat flea Xenopsylla = Bubonic plague & Pneumonic plague
What is associated with Bartonella Henselae?
- Cat scratch
- Single painful axillary LN
- Silver Stainer
- Bacillary angiomatosis
- Diagnostic disease for Kaposi sarcoma in HIV pts
What is associated with Bacteroides fragilis?
Post op bowel abscess, grows in blood clots
What is associated with Chlamydia trachomatis?
Neonatal in-turned eyelashes, Corneal ulcers
What is associated with N. gonorrhea?
- Pili transform
- Urethritis
- Tenosynovitis
- Septic arthritis
What is the only Crescent shaped protozoa?
Giardia lamblia
What are the comma (curved) shaped bacteria?
- Vibrio
- Campylobacter
- Listeria
- H. Pylori